Glycemic Indicators and Vitamin D Deficiency for Predicting Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Predicting Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between glycemic indicators, vitamin D deficiency, and insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: From July 2023 to December 2023, the Leila Qasm diagnostic center for Diabetic Care in Erbil City, Iraq, recruited 206 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 202 healthy controls for a study. Blood samples were collected and then serum markers were analyzed using Cobas Integra.

Results: Compared to healthy controls, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had significantly lower vitamin D levels and higher values for random blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Correlation analyses revealed that in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, serum vitamin D was negatively correlated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, while random blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin A1c showed a positive correlation. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that vitamin D deficiency, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and glycated hemoglobin A1c can be used as predictors for increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency, random blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin A1c can predict increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.