Self-Compassion and Its Relationship to Body Image Among Refugee Students in Schools in Koya City in Period Covid-19

Zhwan Naser Faidhalla; Khelid Ismail Mustafa

doi:10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.4.23

Authors

Zhwan Naser Faidhalla Dartment of Education psychology, Faculty of Education koya University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Khelid Ismail Mustafa Dartment of Education psychology, Faculty of Education, koya University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.4.23

Keywords:

: Self-compassion, body image, student, Covid-19, School

Abstract

This study aims to determine the level of self-compassion and the difference in its level according to the gender variable, to construct a body image scale among refugee students in schools at Koya city, to find out the level of body image in general and its dimensions and to find out the differences according to the gender variable. Also finally, finding the relationship between self-compassion and body image and to know the prediction of body image variable through self-compassion. The researcher used the descriptive correlational method The population consisted of (452) students, The sample of the study was (317) students were purposively selected. The tools used for data collection were the self-compassion scale which was developed by (Rase, et al., 2011), and the body image scale which was constructed by the researcher. (Independent sample T-test, Standard Deviation, mean, spearman correlation, principal compohent Analysis (PCA), Regression) were used for data analysis. The results showed that:

Self-image among refugee students in schools in Koya is at a good level, they are satisfied. There are no significant differences between self-image and gender variables. There are significant differences between self-compassion and gender variables in which males are more self-compassionate than females. There is a positive relationship between self-image and self-compassion. Self-compassion predicts self-image.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

یەکەم:عەرەبییەكان:

إبراهیم، عبدالستار(1985) الإنسان وعلم النفس، مکتبة للثقافة والفنون والآداب، کویت.

حملة، بسمة (2018) صورة الجسم لدی المراهقات المصابات باضطرابات الأکل، کلیة الاجتماعیة و الإنسانیة، رسالة ماجستر، جامعة العربی بن مهدي أم البواقی.

.3الحربی، جابر حمد (2020) التعاطف مع الذات و وعلاقته بالاحتراق الأکادیمی لدی طلبة، المرحلة الثانویة. مجلة شباب الباحثین في العلوم التربیة، کلیة التربیة، محافظة ینبع، المجلد الثالث العدد (3)، ص(255-230).

الدویك، وفاء أحمد (2020) صورة الجسم وعلاقتها بکل من قلق الولادة والاکتئاب لدی عینة من النساء الحوامل في محافضة الخلیل، کلیة دراسات العلیا، رسالة ماجستر، جامعة الخلیل.

.5سلفاوی، أمیرة (2017) صورة الجسم لدی المرأة المتعرضة لحروق جسدیة، کلیة للعلوم الإنسانیة و الاجتماعیة، رسالة ماجستر، جامعة قاصدي مرباح ورقلة.

.6 شاور، سماح حامد (2021) الشفقة بالذات وعلاقتها بالصحة النفسیة لدی عینة مرضي السکري في محافظة الخلیل، کلیة دراسات العلیا، رسالة ماجستر، جامعة الخلیل.

.7الشقران، حنان إبراهیم (2009) صورة الجسم وعلاقتها باضطرابات الأکل وتقدیرالذات لدی عینة من المراهقات في لواء الرمثا، رسالة ماجستر، جامعة الیرموك.

.8 شلابی، عائشة (2017) الصورة الامومیة وصورة الجسد لدی أطفال مصابین بالصرع عبر الانتاج الاسقاطي ، کلیة للعلوم الإنسانیة والاجتماعیة، رسالة ماجستر ، جامعة محمد بوضیاق بالمستیلة .

.9قزیط، نوریة عمر(2017) قلق المستقبل و تقدیرالذات وعلاقتها بصورة الجسم لدی مبتوري الأطراف بعد ثورة جامعة الأکادیمیة اللیبیة، کلیة للعلوم الإنسانیة، رسالة ماجستر، مصراته.

.10نصرالدین، العمري و أخرون (٢٠١٩) صورة الجسم وعلاقتها بالأنماط الشخصیة لدی تلامیذ الطورالثانوي، معهد العلوم وتقنیات النشاطات البدنیة والریاضیة، رسالة ماجستر، جامعة آکلي معند أولحاج البویرة.

.11 النواجحة، زهیر عبد الحمید (2018) الشفقة بالذات لدی أمهات أطفال متلازمة داون في قطاع غزة. مجلة الجامعة الإسلامیة للداسات التربویة والنفسیة، فلسطین، المجلد الثالث العدد (27)، ص(217-239).

.12 واضح، أمیرة (2018) صورة الجسم لدی النساء المتزوجات مبتورات الثدي نتیجة مرض السرطان. جامعة محمد بوضیاق بالمستیلة، کلیة للعلوم الإنسانیة و الاجتماعیة، رسالة ماجستر، جامعة محمد بوضیاق بالمستیلة.

.13 یوسف، محمود رامز(2020) فاعلیة برنامج إرشادی تکاملی في تنمیة الشفقة بالذات لتحسین الصحة النفسیة لدی عینة من طلاب الجامعة . مجلة المصریة للدراسات النفسیة، المجلد الثلاثون العدد (108)، ص(328-384).

دووەم:ئینگلیزییەکان:

Abbasi, A., and Zubair, A., (2015). Body Image, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Well-Being among University Students. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. Vol. 13, No.1, 41-47.

Albertson, E. R., Neff, K. D., & Dill-Shackleford, K. E. (2014). Self-compassion and body-dissatisfaction in women: a randomized controlled trial of a brief meditation intervention. Mindfulness.

Ali, M.D., & Saleh Altmeme ,(2021). The Self-Compassion of the students who lost the father and their Not the losersin the Intermediate Schools. Vol. 2, No.89, 126-154.Available through˂ https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/223075˃.

Asgari M, & Amini K. (2017). Investigating Self-esteem and Body Image Concern among Students of Islamic Azad University of Abhar Using Demographic Variables,) 2015(. Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 7(3), 25–32 .

Becker, I., Nieder, T. O., Cerwenka, S., Briken, P., Kreukels, B. P. C., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Cuypere, G. de, Haraldsen, I. R. H., & Richter-Appelt, H. (2016). Body Image in Young Gender Dysphoric Adults: A European Multi-Center Study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(3), 559–574. Available through˂https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0527-z˃.

Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature. In Body Image (Vol. 17, pp. 117–131). Elsevier Ltd. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.003˃.

Burrowes, N. (2013). Body image-a rapid evidence assessment of the literature A project on behalf of the Government Equalities Office. [Accessed 4 October 2021].

Cigolla, F., & Brown, D. (2011) A way of being: Bringing mindfulness into individual therapy. Psychotherapy Research 21(6): 709–721. Available through˂ DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2011.613076˃.

Dion, J., Hains, J., Vachon, P., Plouffe, J., Laberge, L., Perron, M., McDuff, P., Kalinova, E., & Leone, M. (2016). Correlates of Body Dissatisfaction in Children. Journal of Pediatrics, 171, 202–207. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.12.045˃.

de Waal, F. B. M. (2008). Putting the altruism back into altruism: The evolution of empathy. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 279–300. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093625˃.

Denckla, C. A., Consedine, N. S., & Bornstein, R. F. (2017). Self-compassion mediates the link between dependency and depressive symptomatology in college students. Self and Identity, 16(4), 373–383 Available through˂. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2016.1264464˃.

Feldman, C., & Kuyken, W. (2011). Compassion in the landscape of suffering. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 143–155. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2011.564831˃.

Forsberg, V. (2016). Self-compassion in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Recurrent Depression. Available through˂ http://www.duo.uio.no˃.

Ganesan, S., Ravishankar, S. & Ramalingam, S. (2018) ‘Are body image issues affecting our adolescents? A cross-sectional study among college going adolescent girls’, Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 43(5), pp. S42–S46. Available through ˂ doi:10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_62_18 ˃ .

Germer, C., & Neff, K. (2018). The mindful self-compassion workbook: a proven way to accept yourself, build inner strength, and thrive. London: the guilford press .

Goetz, J. L., Keltner, D., & Simon-Thomas, E. (2010). Compassion: An Evolutionary Analysis and Empirical Review. Psychological Bulletin, 136(3), 351–374. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018807˃.

Grogan, S. (1999). Body Image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. Taylor & Francis e-Library.

Hofmann, S.G., Grossman, P., & Hinton,D.E. (2011) Loving-kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological interventions. Clinical Psychology Review 31(7). Elsevier Ltd: 1126–1132. Available through˂ DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003.˃

Jalali-Farahani, S., Amiri, P., Zarani, F., & Azizi, F. (2021). The main physical components of body image from the perspectives of Iranian adolescents: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 21(1). Available through ˂doi:10.1186/s12889-020-10096-7˃.

Kris, d. f. (2019). How Self-Compassion Supports Academic Motivation and EmotionaWellness. Available at ˂https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/52854/how-self-compassion-supports-academic-motivation-and-emotional-wellness˃.

Levine, M. P., & Smolak, L. (2016a). The role of protective factors in the prevention of negative body image and disordered eating. Eating Disorders, 24(1), 39–46. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2015.1113826˃.

Linardon, J. Susanto, L., & Tepper, H. et al. (2020) Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationships between shape and weight overvaluation and eating disorder psychopathology, psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress. Body Image 33. Elsevier Ltd: 183–189. Available through ˂ DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.001˃ .

Machin, J. E., Adkins, N. R., Crosby, E., Farrell, J. R., & Mirabito, A. M. (2019). The marketplace, mental well-being, and me: Exploring self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-compassion in consumer coping. Journal of Business Research, 100, 410–420. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.12.028˃.

Mahon, C., & Hevey, D. (2021). Processing Body Image on social media: Gender Differences in Adolescent Boys’ and Girls’ Agency and Active Coping. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626763˃.

M. Akbarbegloo, Z. Habibpur & H. Motaarefi, (2010). Perception of Body Image in Students and Related Factors. The Social Sciences, 5: 368-372. Available through˂ DOI: 10.3923/sscience.2010.368.372 ˃.

Neff, K. (2003). Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032˃.

Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139–154. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004˃.

Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007). An examination of self-compassion in relation to positive psychological functioning and personality traits. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(4), 908–916. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.002˃.

. Neff KD and Germer CK (2013) A Pilot Study and Randomized Controlled Trial of the Mindful Self-Compassion Program. Journal of Clinical Psychology 69(1): 28–44. Available through˂ DOI: 10.1002/jclp.21923˃.

PanditaKoul, P., Bapat, O., (2020). IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON EDUCATION SECTOR IN INDIA. JOURNAL OF CRITICAL REVIEWS. VOL 7, ISSUE 11, 2020. PP: 3919- 3930 .

Pop, C. (2016). Self-esteem and body image perception in a sample of university students. Egitim Arastirmalari - Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 64, 31–44. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.64.2˃.

. Purser, R. E., & Milillo, J. (2015). Mindfulness Revisited: A Buddhist-Based Conceptualization. Journal of Management Inquiry, 24(1), 3–24. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492614532315˃.

Raes,F.,pommier,E.,Neff, k.D.,& van Gucht,(2011).Construction and factorial validation of short from of the Self-Compassion scale clinical psychology & psychotherapy.18,250-255 Available through ˂https: // Self-Compassion .org /wp-content / uploads /2021/03/SCS-SF-information.pdf ˃.

Razaee, R.,pobarja E.,& Mosalanejad L., (2019).ʺStudentsʺ Academic Quality of life and learning Motivation in Iran Medical university – pilot from south Iranʺ .p J M H S VOL .13, No. 2, Available through˂ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leili- Mosalanejad/publication˃.

Scardera, S., Sacco, S., di Sante, J., & Booij, L. (2021). Body image-related cognitive fusion and disordered eating: the role of self-compassion and sad mood. Eating and Weight Disorders, 26(2), 483–490. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-020-00868-w˃.

Strauss, C., Lever Taylor, B., Gu, J., Kuyken, W., Baer, R., Jones, F., & Cavanagh, K. (2016). What is compassion and how can we measure it? A review of definitions and measures. In Clinical Psychology Review (Vol. 47, pp. 15–27). Elsevier Inc. Available through˂ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.05.004˃.

Wong, M. Y. C. (2021). The Importance of Self-Compassion in Terms of Self Psychology. Psychiatry International, 2(2), 120–126Available through ˂ https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint2020009˃.