An Examination of The Impact of Various Leadership Styles on Workplace Environment in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Kurdistan

Taha Omar Lateef; Chiman Ahmed Hamad Ameen

doi:10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.2.51

Authors

Taha Omar Lateef Department of Business administration, College of Administration and Economics, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Chiman Ahmed Hamad Ameen Department of Tourism Administration, college of Administration and Economics, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.2.51

Keywords:

Autocratic Leadership, Democratic Leadership, And Laissez-Faire Leadership, Working Environment.

Abstract

Leadership is organizing and guiding a group of people toward a common goal, whether in a formal or informal setting. Individuals may demonstrate skills in a number of different scenarios. A good leader can inspire their team to work together toward a common goal and make decisions in the long-term benefit of the group as a whole. The current study focused on the impact of three leadership styles on working environment at selected SMEs in Erbil city. The study selected 10 small medium enterprise in Erbil, each SME has 40 employees therefore the target population is 400 employees. The current study focused on SME in Kurdistan, the researchers distributed 130 questionnaires to different SME in various locations in Kurdistan, However, 117 questionnaires were received by the researchers. The findings revealed that there is a strong connection between the working environment and the three different types of leadership styles autocratic leadership, democratic leadership, and laissez-faire leadership). The study recommended it is essential to recognize that different leadership styles have the potential to have a variety of effects on the atmosphere of the workplace, and those effects may also vary depending on the specific context and circumstances of each small to medium-sized business.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akpoviroro, K. S., Kadiri, B., & Owotutu, S. O. (2018). Effect of participative leadership style on employee’s productivity. International Journal of Economic Behavior (IJEB), 8(1), 47-60.

Alheet, A., Adwan, A., Areiqat, A., Zamil, A., & Saleh, M. (2021). The effect of leadership styles on employees’ innovative work behavior. Management Science Letters, 11(1), 239-246.

Arif, S., & Akram, A. (2018). Transformational leadership and organizational performance: the mediating role of organizational innovation. SEISENSE Journal of Management, 1(3), 59-75.

Asgari, A., Mezginejad, S., & Taherpour, F. (2020). The role of leadership styles in organizational citizenship behavior through the mediation of perceived organizational support and job satisfaction. Innovar: Revista de ciencias administrativas y sociales, 30(75), 87-98.

Binti Mosbiran, N. F., Mustafa, M. Z. B., Razzaq, A. R. B. A., binti Ahad, R., & bin Nordin, M. N. (2020). Meta Analysis for Special Education Leadership In Malaysia. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(7), 13455-13468.

Bligh, M. C., Kohles, J. C., & Yan, Q. (2018). Leading and learning to change: the role of leadership style and mindset in error learning and organizational change. Journal of Change Management, 18(2), 116-141.

Cui, F., Lim, H., & Song, J. (2022). The influence of leadership style in China SMEs on enterprise innovation performance: the mediating roles of organizational learning. Sustainability, 14(6), 3249.

Cummings, G. G., Tate, K., Lee, S., Wong, C. A., Paananen, T., Micaroni, S. P., & Chatterjee, G. E. (2018). Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: A systematic review. International journal of nursing studies, 85, 19-60.

Fahlevi, M., Zuhri, S., Parashakti, R., & Ekhsan, M. (2019). Leadership styles of food truck businesses. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management, 13(2), 2437-2442.

Gandolfi, F., & Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, leadership styles, and servant leadership. Journal of Management Research, 18(4), 261-269.

García‐Sierra, R., & Fernández‐Castro, J. (2018). Relationships between leadership, structural empowerment, and engagement in nurses. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(12), 2809-2819.

Gemeda, H. K., & Lee, J. (2020). Leadership styles, work engagement and outcomes among information and communications technology professionals: A cross-national study. Heliyon, 6(4), e03699.

Giddens, J. (2018). Transformational leadership: What every nursing dean should know. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34(2), 117-121.

Hansen, J. A., & Pihl-Thingvad, S. (2019). Managing employee innovative behaviour through transformational and transactional leadership styles. Public Management Review, 21(6), 918-944.

Hoang, G., Luu, T. T., Nguyen, T. T., Du, T., & Le, L. P. (2022). Examining the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on employees’ innovative behavior in SME hotels: A mediated moderation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 102, 103142.

Huertas-Valdivia, I., Gallego-Burín, A. R., & Lloréns-Montes, F. J. (2019). Effects of different leadership styles on hospitality workers. Tourism management, 71, 402-420.

Maria, A. D., Yulianto, H., Palupiningtyas, D., & Usodo, H. (2022, February). Relationship between transformational leadership, proactive personality, creative self-efficacy and employee creativity at food processing SMEs in Indonesia. In Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship. Emerald Publishing Limited.

Matos, K., O'Neill, O., & Lei, X. (2018). Toxic leadership and the masculinity contest culture: How “win or die” cultures breed abusive leadership. Journal of Social Issues, 74(3), 500-528.

Moslehpour, M., Altantsetseg, P., Mou, W., & Wong, W. K. (2018). Organizational climate and work style: The missing links for sustainability of leadership and satisfied employees. Sustainability, 11(1), 125.

Musinguzi, C., Namale, L., Rutebemberwa, E., Dahal, A., Nahirya-Ntege, P., & Kekitiinwa, A. (2018). The relationship between leadership style and health worker motivation, job satisfaction and teamwork in Uganda. Journal of healthcare leadership, 10, 21.

Novitasari, D., Siswanto, E., Purwanto, A., & Fahmi, K. (2020). Authentic Leadership and Innovation: What is the Role of Psychological Capital?. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 1(1), 1-21.

Pishgooie, A. H., Atashzadeh‐Shoorideh, F., Falcó‐Pegueroles, A., & Lotfi, Z. (2019). Correlation between nursing managers’ leadership styles and nurses' job stress and anticipated turnover. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(3), 527-534.

Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Hartuti, H., Setiana, Y. N., & Fahmi, K. (2021). Effect of psychological capital and authentic leadership on innovation work behavior. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 2(1), 1-13.

Raza, S. A., & Sikandar, A. (2018). Impact of leadership style of teacher on the performance of students: An application of Hersey and Blanchard situational model. Bulletin of Education and Research, 40(3), 73-94.

Saleh, U., O'Connor, T., Al-Subhi, H., Alkattan, R., Al-Harbi, S., & Patton, D. (2018). The impact of nurse managers' leadership styles on ward staff. British journal of nursing, 27(4), 197-203.

Saputra, F. (2021). Leadership, Communication, And Work Motivation In Determining The Success Of Professional Organizations. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 1(2), 59-70.

Saputra, F., & Mahaputra, M. R. (2022). Effect of job satisfaction, employee loyalty and employee commitment on leadership style (human resource literature study). Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 3(4), 762-772.

Setyorini, R. W., Yuesti, A., & Landra, N. (2018). The effect of situational leadership style and compensation to employee performance with job satisfaction as intervening variable at PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero), Tbk Denpasar Branch. International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, 9(08), 20974-20985.

Xie, Y., Xue, W., Li, L., Wang, A., Chen, Y., Zheng, Q., ... & Li, X. (2018). Leadership style and innovation atmosphere in enterprises: An empirical study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 135, 257-265.

Zaghini, F., Fiorini, J., Piredda, M., Fida, R., & Sili, A. (2020). The relationship between nurse managers' leadership style and patients' perception of the quality of the care provided by nurses: Cross sectional survey. International journal of nursing studies, 101, 103446.