The appearance and development of Kufic script on Islamic pottery in the Abbasid era : (Analytical study)

پوختە

This research is titled (The emergence and development of Kufic script on Islamic pottery in the Abbasid era. In it, we briefly discussed the types of writing and calligraphy in the early Islamic era and pointed out the source of the formation of two main styles of Kufic script. The first script is a dry script and the other is a soft script. Then we focused on the history of the appearance of the Kufic script. And linking it to the city of Kufa, and correcting the error about the origin of the script mentioned by some researchers, and the history of the emergence of the Kufic script and its causes. One of the most important achievements of the research is determining the stage of the Kufic script with triangular hampers and distinguishing it from the simple Kufic script, which researchers often make mistakes in defining, as well as determining the stage of the Kufic script. Al-Mawriq was divided into two stages, initial and advanced, to resolve the confusion that might arise from the introduction of early Al-Mawriq Kufic in the form of Kufic with triangular or simple hams, or whatever name it was. we also completed a table to layout all the letters found within the sample texts found in our study, and conducting this research was to fill the need of specialists and scholars in this field, especially Kufic writing on ceramics, and to identify the types of calligraphy and the time of appearance of each type and its types. which for the first time conducts a study in the Kurdish language in this field.