Trends in Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Vegetation Cover Index (NDVI) Changes: In Kalar City from 2000 - 2020 Using (GIS) (RS)

Abstract

Currently, most countries in the world are grappling with population growth, rapid urban expansion, and the problems they entail. Undoubtedly, this causes changes to climatic elements, with significant alterations occurring, particularly in temperature, which is one of the most critical climate factors. All of these factors have negative effects on the population, necessitating that solutions be found for these issues, specifically to find a means of mitigating the changes occurring in temperature. Increasing vegetation cover in any region yields very positive outcomes for environmental and climatic change, reduces human psychological stress, and leads to the improvement of local environmental conditions. Furthermore, it is one of the primary demands of the population, especially among urban dwellers. The demand for improving areas of vegetation is reflected in the improvement of economic conditions, environmental awareness, and the rising standard of living for the population. Certainly, studying the extent of vegetation cover is of great importance, as these green spaces play a key role in improving the comfort and well-being of urban residents. They also solve many environmental problems that arise in cities, such as air pollution, rising temperatures, and so on. In light of the importance of vegetation cover in cities, we have conducted this study in the city of Kalar in order to clarify the benefits of green spaces and determine their impact on temperature changes within the city.