Measuring the Online Shopping Trends and Their Effects on Consumer buying Habits in Iraqi Kurdistan During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Authors

  • Sardar Hassan Khal Hamza Department of Tourism Organization Administration, College of Administration and Economics, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
  • Jawad Mohammedameen Issa Department of General Education, College of Education and Languages, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.1.47

Keywords:

online shopping trends, consumer buying habits, convenience, micro-online-markets.

Abstract

This paper assesses the level of online shopping trends in Iraqi Kurdistan during the Covid-19 pandemic. To understand the level of online shopping trends and their effects on buying habits, a deep discussion was built on previous studies. The quantitative research method was used for this research. Through Google Forms, a unified self-response survey questionnaire was distributed online and data were directly collected and translated into statistical numbers. SPSS was used to measure the reliability and validity of the items. Due to the Coronavirus movement restriction, a Convenient sampling method was best to reach the research population. Thus, online shopping trends were measured and their effects on customer buying behavior were predicted through the participant’s regression analysis. The findings suggest online shopping is increasing in popularity. Also, young people are not only keen to shop more online but set up their e-businesses while taking advantage of social media sites, which can be used to target their own micro-online communities that do not go beyond geographical borders. To accelerate this trend many believe the government needs to work on better banking and legal system. This research provides some hard data that need to be investigated more on how to manage and make the online experience safer

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, A. M. (2020). Consumer Behavior Toward the Use of Credit Cards: The Empirical Evidence from Iraq. Journal of Economics and Business. Vol 5, N: 1, p53–69.

Ahmad, R, A., & Murad, R. H. (2020). The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. doi: 10.2196/19556

Ahmed, Y,A., Majeed, B, N., & Salih, H. A. (2020). PSYCHOLOGICAL PRICING STRATEGY AND ITS INFLUENCES ON CONSUMER’S BUYING BEHAVIOR IN KURDISTAN REGION. Journal of Global Economics and Business. Volume 1, Number 3, 73-92

Ali, B. J. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on Consumer Buying Behavior Toward online Shopping in Iraq. Economic Studies Journal. Vol 18, N: 03, p 267-280.

Ali, H. A. (2016). Iraq Stock Market and its Role in the Economy. Doctoral Thesis, Paris School of Business.

Alnajar, S. M., & Jawad. M. K. (2016). Measuring Customers’ Perceptions and Readiness to Accept E-commerce in Iraq: An Empirical Study. Journal of Marketing Management. Vol 4, N: 1: p 151–162.

Baines, P., & Chansarkar, B. (2002). Introducing Marketing Research. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Biostatistics Resource Channel, (2013). How to Use SPSS: Factor Analysis (Principal Component Analysis). [video online] available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYxboC27190 [accessed 03/01/2015].

Bourlakis, M., Papagiannidis, S., and Fox, H. (2008). E-consumer behaviour: Past, present and future trajectories of an evolving retail revolution. International Journal of E-Business Research. vol. 4, no. 3, pp.64-67, 69, 71-76

Brown, D., J. (2002). The Cronbach alpha reliability estimate. Shiken: JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter. 6 (1), P.17-18.

Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2007). Business Research Methods. (2nd Ed). United States; Oxford University Press.

Butler, P., and Peppard, J. (1998). Consumer purchasing on the internet: Processes and prospects. European Management Journal. vol. 16, no. 5, pp.600-610.

Cook, F. P., (2010). SPSS-Version, 18.0. University of Colorado Denver, Center for Nursing Research.

Dakhil, A. A., Ganawi, N, Kh., & Zaboon, A. A. (2018). The Role of E-Commerce Industry in the Sustainable Economic Development of Iraq. International Journal of Entrepreneurship. Vol 22. N: 1S: p. 7.

Deliotte. (2020). The future of the mall Building: a new kind of destination for the post-pandemic world. The future of the mall | Deloitte Canada accessed on (18/12/2020) at 10:30 am

Deloitte, Albania. (ND). Smart Working: The New Normal of Doing Business. Smart Working. The New Normal of Doing Business (deloitte.com) accessed on (18/12/2020) at 11:00 am.

Deliotte. (2013). The Deliotte Consumer Review: Reinventing the role of high street. Deliotte LLP.

Demir, A., & Fakhir, N. (2017). Elaborating the Adaptation of Customers to Internet Banking: Case of Kurdistan Region of Iraq. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research. Vol 15 N: 18: p 1–23.

Department of communities and local government. (2013). The Future of High Streets: what’s happened so far. Eland House Bressenden Place London SW1E 5DU. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/168023/Future_of_High_Streets.pdf accessed on (19/12/2020)

Doski, S., Marne, B., & Asaad, Z. (2013). Analyzing Growth Strategies of Banking Sectors: A case study on Kurdistan International Bank. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting. Vol 4, No. 18

Gruenwald, H. (2020). On-Line Shopping the Winners of Corona. The University of Oklahoma. DOI: 10.1016/j.

Hair, F. J. JR., Bush, P. R., & Ortinuau, J. D. (2002). Marketing Research Within a Changing Information Environment. London: The McGraw-Hill Companies.

House of Commons. (2020). The future of the high street, House of Commons. https://www.local.gov.uk/parliament/briefings-and-responses/future-high-street-house-commons-10-december-2020 IBM SPSS Statistics Base 19. (2010). Copyright SPSS Inc.

Kalyani, P. (2016). Online Shopping Trends, People Purchasing Power, their Choices and Preferences. An Indicative Study for Online Shopping Trends in Tire -2/ Tire -3 City with Special Reference to Ajmer. Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT). Volume -3, Issue- 4.

Karzan, H, S., Jaffar, A, A., & Mazen, I, G. (2016). Challenges of Implementing E-commerce in Kurdistan of Iraq. Journal of University of Human Development. Val 2. N: 3: p. 528–533.

KIS, Finance. (2020). 61% of UK consumers foresee the end of the high street. https://www.kisbridgingloans.co.uk/finance-news/61-percent-of-uk-consumers-foresee-the-end-of-the-high-street/

Kurdistan Board of Investment.org http://kurdistaninvestment.org/banking.html accessed on 21/2/2021.

Kumar, R., Ahluwalia, S, I., Hazarika, d., Kumar, K., Singh, M., & Goswami, C. (2022). Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government. Vol. 28, No. 04, 2022 https://cibgp.com/ P-ISSN: 2204-1990; E-ISSN: 1323-6903 DOI: 10.47750/cibg.2022.28.04.026

Mahmod, H., 2015, Abdulla, A., Ghareb, M, I., & Abubaker, A. (2015). E-Payment: Prospects, Challenges and Solutions in KRG Public Sector. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering Vol. 4(Issue 9):14092

MERI. (2016). In Best of Times and Worst of Times: Addressing Structural Weaknesses of the Kurdistan Region’s Economy. Middle East Research Institute. Erbil - Kurdistan Region – Iraq. No. K843

McKinsey and Company. (2020). The path to the next normal: Leading with resolve through the coronavirus pandemic. McKinsey Publishing.

Milt, D, J. (2017). 2030: THE DEATH OF THE HIGH STREET: WHY THE RISE IN E-COMMERCE MEANS BRITAIN’S TOWN CENTRES WILL BE UNRECOGNISABLE WITHIN 15 YEARS. ParcelHero, INDUSTRY REPORT. deathofthehighstreetreport.pdf (parcelhero.com) Accessed on (18/12/2020) at 12:00 pm

Mintel. (2019). Rebalancing Retail: a decade of change on the High Street. https://www.mintel.com/uk-high-street-research

Rodaw.net. (2017). Online marketing grows in Kurdistan Region. https://www.rudaw.net/english/business/10042017 Accessed on (21/2/2021)

OECD. (2018). Better Policies for Better Lifes. THE NEW NORMAL. UN environment. Paris.

Jane Priest, J., Carter, S., & Statt, A, D. (2013). Consumer Behaviour. Edinburgh Business School Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS United Kingdom

Ryan, T. (2017). Should marketers personalize products using consumers’ DNA? https://www.retailwire.com/discussion/should-marketers-personalize-products-using-consumers-dna/

SPSS Guide (2007): Regression Analysis (15/12/2015)

SPSS Guide (2022): Regression Analysis (15/12/2015)

Sahi, M, A., & Salman, A. A. (2017). Understanding Consumer Behavior in E-Shopping: A Case Study of Iraq With an Overview of E-shopping in the Global and Arab Regions. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research. Vol 4 N:11: p 821–849.

Shen, D., Kelly, A, C., Richards, J., & Bridges, c. (2006). Online Shopping Behavior: Key Dimensions and Research Synthesis. Contemporary Management Research. Pages 3-16, Vol. 2, No. 1.

Sundström, M. (2008). The Online Retail Customer and Convenient Shopping. Conference Paper · University of Borås, Department of Business, Sweden.

Svatosova, V. (2020). The Importance of Online Shopping Behavior in the Strategic Management of E-Commerce Competitiveness. Journal of Competitiveness. 12(4), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.7441.

Tawfeeq, B, A., Kheder, M, Q., & Qader, N. N. (2014). Internet Governance from the Regional Kurdistan of Iraq. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research. Vol.2.

UCL Transport Institute. (2014). Future of the high street: Implications for transport policy and planning. University College London Centre for Transport Studies. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.

UNHCR, The UN Refugee Agency. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 on Daily-wage Work and the Refugee Households that Rely on it in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KR-I). Erbil.

Yu, T., and Wu, G. (2007). Determinants of internet shopping behavior: An application of reasoned behavior theory. International Journal of Management. vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 744-762, 823.

Wilgenburg, V, W. (2020). Shopkeepers in the historic bazaar of the Kurdistan Region’s capital say their businesses. https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/23499-Businesses-in-historic-Erbil-bazaar-feel-impact-of-economic-downturn-amid-COVID-19-pandemic Accessed on (21/2/2021)

Downloads

Published

2023-03-30

How to Cite

Sardar Hassan Khal Hamza, & Jawad Mohammedameen Issa. (2023). Measuring the Online Shopping Trends and Their Effects on Consumer buying Habits in Iraqi Kurdistan During the Covid-19 Pandemic. QALAAI ZANIST JOURNAL, 8(1), 1176–1202. https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.1.47

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.