The Relationship Between Ecocriticism and War

Authors

  • Soran Mamnd Abdullah Department of Kurdish, College of Languages, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
  • Maulood Ibrahim Hasan Department of Kurdish, College of Languages, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.1.9

Keywords:

Ecocriticism, War, Devastation of The Environment, Humanity, William Ruckert

Abstract

This research which is entitled “The Relationship Between Ecocriticism and War” aims at the analysis and presentation of the roots of the rise of the ecocriticism according to the thoughts and principles of the critics in the field of world literature, ecocriticism, ecology, and different cultures.

The significance and importance of such researches are due to prominent existence of the society and culture within the literary texts that noticeably influence human being’s perception and behavior at a universal level. From this point of view, the term ecocriticism and its concept as a post-modern critical theory is discussed in this study, and though it has various fields and branches, only the ecocriticism and war are studied in this research. The ecology of war and its negative effects on the environment and its constituents are our main concerns in this study and carrying out the research helps and enables us to raise the consciousness level and leading the whole towards the acceptance of taking the responsibility towards the environment care. Since the environment is not merely the source of life and prosperity but also it is rather an integrated and more complicated system, therefore human being’s view and understanding towards it should be modified in order to prevent more catastrophes and devastation caused by war and occupation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

سەرچاوە کوردییەکان:

١- سالار باسیرە، (2021)، جەنگ لە مێژووى مرۆڤایەتیداو پەیوەندى بە سیاسەت و ئابووریەوە" چەند جەنگێک وەک نموونە" کتێبى ئەلیکتڕۆنى، pdf.

٢- عەبدوڵڵا تاهیر بەرزنجى، (2020) دیوانى دلاوەر قەرەداغى، لێرەولەوێ باران دووراودوور هەتاو، چاپى یەکەم، چاپخانەى تاران، ئیران.

٣- فرهاد حسن عزیز، (٢٠١٧)، ژینگە و پیسبوونی ژینگە، چ١، چاپخانەی زانکۆی سەلاحەدین، هەولێر.

٤- فؤاد رشید محمەد، (2018) (شیعرى وەسێتنامەى زەوى) کەژاڵ ئەحمەد، لەبەر ڕۆشنایى رەخنەى ئیکۆلۆژیدا، گۆڤارى زانکۆى راپەڕین، ژمارە(15)، ساڵى پێنجەم. راپەڕین.

سەرچاوە عەرەبییەکان:

٥- ابن منظور، (٢٠٠٣) لسان العرب، حرف الباء، المادە بوأ، الجزء الثاني، الطبعة الأول، دار صادر، بيروت، لبنان.

٦- نجاح الجبیلى و اعداد و ترجمة (2021) النقد البیئی" مقدمات، مقاربات، تطبیقات" الطبعة الأول، المطبعة، شهریار، العراق/ البصرة.

٧-جمیل حمداوى، نظريات النقد الأدبي والبلاغة في مرحلة مابعد الحداثة، شبكة الألوكة.www.alukah.net/ pdf

٨- جمیل حمداوى، حسن أعراب(2020) النقد البیئی أو الایکولوجى فی الأدب و الفن، الطبعة الأول، دارا الريف للطبع والنشر الإلكتروني.

سەرچاوە فارسییەکان:

٩- نيك آئين امير، 1381 (أغاز تاريخ اجتماعی انسان از لحظە آشنائی بابزار) WWW.esalat.org

سەرچاوە ئینگلیزییەکان:

10 - Bidlack HW. (1996). Swords as plowshares: The military’s environmental role. PhD dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Birzo Abdulkadir Mohammad, (2019)The Ecocyitical Roots from Shakespeare to the present, PHD, Salahaddin university – Erbil.

Buell, Lawrence (1995) The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.

Buell, Lawrence (2005) The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination, Oxford: Blackwell.

[CNA] CNA Corporation Military Advisory Board and Study Team. (2007) .National Security and the Threat of Climate Change. Alexandria (VA):CNA Corporation.

Grewe-Volpp, C. (2006). Nature “out there” and as “a Social Player”: Some Basic Consequences for a Literary Ecocritical Analysis. In: Gersdorf, C. and Mayer, S. (eds.). Nature in Literary and Cultural Studies: Transatlantic Conversations of Ecocriticism. Amsterdam: Rodopi.

Homer-Dixon TF. (2001). Environmental scarcities and violent conflict:

Evidence from cases. International Security 19: 5–40.

Homer-Dixon TF. (2001). Environmental scarcities and violent conflict:

Evidence from cases. International Security 19: 5–40.

Kaldor M. (1999). New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford (CA): Stanford University Press. Keegan J. 1993. A History of Warfare. New York: Vintage.

Majeed A. (2004). The Impact of Militarism on the Environment: An Overview of Direct and Indirect Effects. Ottawa (Canada): Physicians for Global Survival.

Nayar, P. K. (2015). Contemporary Literary and Cultural Theory. Dehli:

Pearson.

Slovic, S. (2010). The Third Wave of Ecocriticism: North American Reflections on the Current Phase of the Discipline. Ecozone, 1.

[Online]. Available at: http://www.ecozona.eu/index.php/journal/

article/view/19/64 [Accessed 16 December 2018].

Smith TD. (1994). Scaling Fisheries: The Science of Measuring the Effects of Fishing. Cambridge (United Kingdom): Cambridge University Press.

Tošić, Jelica (2006). "Ecocriticism Interdisciplinary Study of Literature

and Environment". Series: Working and Living Environmental

Protection. Facta Universitatis.

Williams, R. (1983). Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New

York: Oxford University Press.

Williamson, T. and Bellamy, L. (1987). Property and Landscape: A Social

History of Land Ownership and the English Countryside. London:

George Philip.

Westing AH. (1984). Herbicides in War: The Long-term Ecological and

Human Consequences. London: Taylor and Francis.

Westing AH. (1986). Global Resources and International Conflict. New York:Oxford University Press.

Downloads

Published

2023-03-30

How to Cite

Soran Mamnd Abdullah, & Maulood Ibrahim Hasan. (2023). The Relationship Between Ecocriticism and War. QALAAI ZANIST JOURNAL, 8(1), 220–239. https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.1.9

Issue

Section

Articles