The Historical Roots of The Phenomenon of Terrorism

Abstract

It seems clear that the previous communities did not define (Terror) as it is known now a days.  Though the terror has deep rooted concepts throughout the humanity history. The Assyrians has defined (Terror) in 7^th B.C. century. They have applied different terror methods against their Barbarian enemies. The (terror) concepts have been defined by the Pharos in 1189 B.C. they have named Terror (Criminality of Terrorist Peoples). The Terror concept also has been defined by Greece civilization in 410 B.C. through an engraved sculpture. It is worth mentioning, the Roman Army worriers were fighting fiercely. They punished any enemy fight against them very tough punishment. During the period 66-73 A.D. the Sicarian Organization has been established, which could be regarded as one of the oldest terror groups, which was religious groups with precise and high organization systems.

Then it seems clear that Terror concept was exist in the four civilizations, but with different purposes or different motives. The clearest reasons of previous terrors was to practice terror in order to keep the leaders positions and keep their authorities in specific communities; or in order to expand the geographical territories for certain rulers and kings, meanwhile the political leaders have been assassinated and murdered so as to change certain regime or to overcome certain type of oppressions.  

In the medieval centuries, during the feudalisms in Europe, the terror has been practiced by many terror groups, to destabilize the security and made horror campaigns in the society.  This type of terror was supported by the noble class of rulers against other noble class, as they were challenging them. The Inquisition, in historical ecclesiastical terminology also referred to as the "Holy Inquisition", played a big role in spreading the phenomenon of terror or concept of terror.  While some others thing that (Terror) Concept was invented by French Revolution, or the Robespierre era, which could be regarded the era of Real Terror, that practiced by the state, or it could be defined as the terror of powerful peoples.

The Islam world has witnessed different wars of crusade and Mongol invasions; many violent practices and terrorisms have been done against them.

We can summarize all along the subject , that medieval age has witnessed two kinds of conflicts, first is the conflict of states and 2^nd is the conflict between authorities and the churches. The church priests punish any one change his/her belief. The French revolution also has initiated an era of blood and horror. Pop Orian II has done his best in the crusades wars against Muslims. Mongols also have attacked the Muslim territories and they have destroyed their lands and killed as much as the could.

The Khwarij  are the first group that practiced terrorism and adopted the method of political assassinations against their enemies. Finally, the Hashashin invented certain kind method of terrorism as an alternative to Terror, focusing on leaders and princes to destabilize the political situations