Analysis of Societal security and Environment Security issues in Kurdistan-Iraq region from the perspective of the Copenhagen School after 2017

Abstract

In this study, we tried within the framework of the Copenhagen School theory to study the problem of societal and environmental security of the Kurdistan region and identify security threats and risks in these areas. Because the Copenhagen School, by studying and presenting five aspects and sectors of security (political, military, societal, economic and environmental), tries to identify non-military issues within the framework of security problems. This study, apart from the introduction and conclusions, contains the view of the Copenhagen School of societal and Environmental Security, and then discusses security issues in the Kurdistan region within the security sectors mentioned. At the end of the study, we reached several important conclusions, including: drugs, identity crisis, new generation gap and new social divergence, in addition to the arrival of waves of immigrants and refugees had a direct impact on the societal security of The Kurdistan. In the field of environmental security, environmental problems such as air and environmental pollution, the water problem, particularly water policies adopted by Turkey and Iran with the spread of epidemics and diseases such as the Corona pandemic, affect the sector and other security dimensions of the Kurdistan region in general and its environmental and societal security in particular. At the same time, the economic, political and military crises of Kurdistan have had a negative impact on societal and environmental issues.