Independent bodies specialized in ensuring the principle of participation in the federal system Study under the permanent Iraqi constitution for 2005
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.4.1.26Keywords:
The federal system, the independent bodies, the Iraqi constitution.Abstract
The Constitution of Iraq in 2005 has restructured the Iraqi state in accordance with two main and interrelated demands for the Iraqis, namely the democratization and federalism of the Iraqi state. The constitutional legislator resorted to many principles, institutions and procedures to achieve the two previous demands. Among these institutions that the Constitution required to be established are the Independent Commissions, Some of These Independent commissions related to technical issues and others concerned with the democratization of the state. Two of them were dedicated to the new federalism of Iraq, by ensuring the realization and application of one of the main principles of the federal state which is the principle of participation, these two Independent Commissions are (The Public Commission of Guarantee the rights of regions and governorates that are not organized in the region) which provided for in Article (105) of the Constitution and (The Public Commission of auditing and appropriation of federal revenues) which provided for in Article (106) of the Constitution.
This study will examine these two Commissions and deal with them in all their aspects in light of both the Iraqi Constitution and the laws governing them, and marking down our observations on the law and propose what we consider necessary amendments for the purpose of development, due to their importance for the new phase of the Iraqi state
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)د"أظك٨ٗ ؿثٰ، ٩كجٲح االقذٞال٣ٲح ا٣ٮّٲٛٲح ٤٣ك٤ُةت االدارٱح ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح، ٦ض٤ح ا٣جعٮث وا٣ؽراقةت اال٩كة٩ٲح، صة٦ٕح 20أوت1955-ق١ٲ١ؽة، ا٣ضـااؿ، ا٣ٕؽد 55 ،5052"
)ص٧ی٢ ٧٠ةل أرظی٥ ،ا٣ھیبةت ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح ؤالٝذھة ثة٣ك٤ُح ا٣ذنؿیٕیح ٰٚ ا٣ٕؿاق، أَؿوظح د٠ذٮراه ٦ٞؽ٦ح ا٣ٯ ٤٠یح ا٣ٞة٩ٮن/صة٦ٕح د١ؿیخ، 5055"
)ظؽري ق٧ٲؿ، ا٣ك٤ُةت االدارٱح ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح ا٣ٛةو٤ح ٰٚ ا٧٣ٮاد االٝذىةدٱح وا٧٣ة٣ٲح، رقة٣ح ٦ةصكذٲؿ ٦ٞؽ٦ح ٤١٣ٲح ا٣عٞٮق وا٣ٕ٤ٮم ا٣ذضةرٱح، صة٦ٕح أ٦ع٧ؽ ثٮٝؿة ثٮ٦ؿداس، ا٣ضـااؿ، 5001"
)د"ظ٪ةن ٦ع٧ؽ ا٣ٞٲكٰ، ٦ٛ٭ٮم االقذٞالل وا٣٭ٲبةت ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح ٰٚ دقذٮر 5002 ،٦ض٤ح ا٣عٞٮق، صة٦ٕح ا٧٣كذ٪ىؿٱح، ا٧٣ض٤ؽ4 ،5054"
)رو٩ة٣ؽ ل" وادف، اال٩ْ٧ح ا٣ٛٲؽرا٣ٲح، دؿص٧ح ٗة٣ ٰثؿ٬ٮ٦ح وآػؿون، ٦٪ذؽى االدعةدات ا٣ٛٲؽرا٣ٲح، أودةوا- ٠٪ؽا، 5001"
)د"قؿ٬٪ٟ ظ٧ٲؽ ا٣جؿز٩ضٰ، ٦ٞٮ٦ةت ا٣ؽقذٮر ا٣ؽٱ٧ٞؿاَٰ وآ٣ٲةت ا٣ؽٚةع ٔ٪٫ ،دار دص٤ح، ٔ٧ةن، "5001
)ق٤ُة٩ ٰ٩ضٮى ورُٰٝ ٦٪ٲؿة، ا٣ك٤ُةت اإلدارٱح ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح ثٲ٨ اإلقذٞال٣ٲح وا٣ذجٕٲح، رقة٣ح ٦ةصكذٲؿ ٦ٞؽ٦ح إ٣ٯ ٤٠ٲح ا٣عٞٮق وا٣ٕ٤ٮم ا٣كٲةقٲح ثضة٦ٕح 8 ٦ةي 1945ٝ ة٫٧٣ /ا٣ضـااؿ، "5051-5052
)ق٭ٯ ز٠ ٰ٩ٮري ٔٲةش، ا٣ذ٪ْٲ٥ ا٣ٞة٩ٮ٩ ٰ٣ؿٝةثح ٦ض٤ف ا٣٪ٮاب ٔ٤ٯ ا٣٭ٲبةت ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح ٰٚ ا٣ٕؿاق، ٦ض٤ح دراقةت ا٣جىؿة، ا٣ك٪ح ا٣سة٩ٲح ٔنؿة، ا٣ٕؽد53 ،5051"
ة، ثعر ٦٪نٮر ٰٚ
)م"د"وؽام ٔجؽا٣كذةر رمٲؽ، ا٣٭ٲبةت ا٣ع١ٮ٦ٲح ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح/ ٬ٲبح ا٣٪ـا٬ح أ٧٩ٮذصً ٦ض٤ح ا٣ٕ٤ٮم ا٣كٲةقٲح، ٤٠ٲح ا٣ٕ٤ٮم ا٣كٲةقٲح – صة٦ٕح ث٘ؽاد، ا٣ٕؽد 25 ،٣ك٪ح 5051"
)د"ٔةثؽ ػة٣ؽ رقٮل، ا٧٣ض٤ف ا٣ذنؿٱٰٕ ا٣سة٩ ٰٚ ٰا٣ؽو٣ح ا٣ٛٲؽرا٣ٲح، ٦ؿ٠ـ ٠ؿدقذةن ٤٣ؽراقةت االقذؿادٲضٲح، ا٣ك٤ٲ٧ة٩ٲح، 5053"
)د"ٔجؽا٣ع٧ٲؽ ٔ١ٲ٢ ا٣ٕٮاك، ا٣ٛٲؽرا٣ٲح ٰٚ قٮرٱح واإلم١ة٣ٲةت ا٧٣ٕةوؿة، ٨٦ ٦٪نٮرات ٦ٕ٭ؽ ا٣نؿق ا٧٣ذٮقٍ ٤٣ؽاقةت وا٣ذؽرٱت، 5051"
)د"ٔجؽا٣ؿظ٨٧ ق٤ٲ٧ةن زٱجةري، ا٣ك٤ُح ا٣ٌٞةاٲح ٰٚ ا٣ْ٪ةم ا٣ٛؽرا٣ ،ٰ٦٪نٮرات زٱ٨ ا٣عٞٮٝٲح، ثٲؿوت، 5053"
ٔ )ـا٣ؽٱ٨ٔ ٲكةوي، ا١٧٣ة٩ح ا٣ؽقذٮرٱح ٤٣٭ٲبةت اإلدارٱح ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح# ٦آل ٦جؽا ا٣ٛى٢ ثٲ٨ ا٣ك٤ُةت، ٦ض٤ح االصذ٭ةد ا٣ٌٞةاٰ، ا٣ٕؽد ا٣ؿاثٓ، صة٦ٕح ٦ع٧ؽ ػٲٌؿ ثك١ؿة، ا٣ضـااؿ"
ٔ )ـا٣ؽٱ٨ٔ ٲكةوي، ا٣٭ٲبةت االدارٱح ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح ٰٚ ٦ٮاص٭ح ا٣ؽقذٮر، ثعر ٦ذةح ٔ٤ٯ اال٩ذؿ٩خ ٔ٤ٯ ا٣٪ٕٮان ا٣ذة٣#ٰ http://www.startimes.com/?t=23292005
)ا٣ٛؽرا٣ٲح ا٧٣ة٣ٲح )٦ٛة٬ٲ٥ و٧٩ةذج( ، إٔؽاد ص٧ٕٲح االٝذىةدٱٲ٨ ا١٣ؿد-قٮرٱة ثة٣ذٕةون ٦ ٓ٦ؿ٠ـ امذٯ ٤٣ؽراقةت وا٣جعٮث، ٦ُجٕح ٱةد-ا٣ك٤ٲ٧ة٩ٲح، 5053
)ا٣ٛٲؽرا٣ٲح، ٠ؿاقح وةدرة ٔ٨ ا٧٣ؤقكح ا٣ؽو٣ٲح ٤٣ؽٱ٧ٞؿاَٲح واال٩ذؼةثةت )DEA I ،)٦ذٮٚؿة ٔ٤ٯ
اال٩ذؿ٩خ ٔ٤ٯ ا٣٪ٕٮان ا٣ذة٣#ٰ https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/federalism-primer-AR.pdf
)ا٣ٞةًٰ رظٲ٥ ظك٨ ا٣ٕ١ٲ٤ ،ٰا٣٭ٲبةت ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح ثٲ٨( االقذٞالل ا٣ذةم( او )االقذٞالل ا٧٣ة٣ ٰ واالداري( ، ا٧٣ذةح ٔ٤ٯ اال٩ذؿ٩خ ٔ٤ٯ ا٣٪ٕٮان ا٣ذة٣#ٰ
http://rahimaqeeli.blogspot.com/2012/05/2003.html
) ٧0 )د"٦ع٧ؽ ٔ٧ؿ ٦ٮ٣ٮد، ا٣ٛٲؽرا٣ٲح وا١٦ة٩ٲح دُجٲٞ٭ة ٰٚ ا٣ٕؿاق، ا٣ُجٕح االو٣ٯ، ٦ؤقكح ٦ٮ٠ؿٱة٩ ٰ ٤٣ُجةٔح وا٣٪نؿ، أرثٲ٢ ،500"
)٩ةزةن ثؿاون، ٦الظْةت دع٤ٲ٤ٲح ظٮل ا٣ؽقذٮر، ٠ذةب ٦أزق ا٣ؽقذٮر، ٦ٕ٭ؽ ا٣ؽراقةت
االقذؿادٲضٲح، ث٘ؽاد-ثٲؿوت، 5001"
)ا٣ؽقذٮر ا٣ٕؿاٰٝ ٣ك٪ح 5002"
ٝ )ة٩ٮن ا٣ج٪ٟ ا٧٣ؿ٠ـي ا٣ٕؿاٰٝ رٝ٥( 21 )٣ك٪ح 5004"
ٝ )ة٩ٮن ا٧٣ٛٮًٲح ا٣ٕ٤ٲة ا٧٣كذٞ٤ح ٣ال٩ذؼةثةت رٝ٥( 55 )٣ك٪ح 5001"
ٝ )ة٩ٮن ا٧٣ٛٮًٲح ا٣ٕ٤ٲة ٣عٞٮق اال٩كةن رٝ٥( 23 )٣ك٪ح 5008"
ٝ )ة٩ٮن ا٣٭ٲبح ا٣ٕة٦ح ٣ٌ٧ةن ظٞٮق األٝة٣ٲ٥ وا٧٣عةْٚةت ٗٲؿ ٦٪ذْ٧ح ٰٚ إٝ٤ٲ٥ رٝ٥( 51 )٣ك٪ح "5051
ٝ )ة٩ٮن ا٣٭ٲبح ا٣ٕة٦ح ٧٣ؿاٝجح دؼىٲه ا٣ٮاردات االدعةدٱح رٝ٥( 22 )٣ك٪ح 5051"
ٝ )ة٩ٮن دٱٮان ا٣ؿٝةثح ا٧٣ة٣ٲح االدعةدي رٝ٥( 35 )٣ك٪ح 5055"
ٝ )ة٩ٮن ٦ض٤ف ا٣ؼؽ٦ح ا٣ٕة٦ح االدعةدي رٝ٥( 4 )٣ك٪ح 5001"
ٝ )ة٩ٮن ٦ؤقكح ا٣ن٭ؽاء رٝ٥( 5 )٣ك٪ح 5051ؿ ظكٲ٨ ،٦جؽأ ا٧٣نةر٠ح ٰٚ ا٣ؽو٣ح ا٣ٛٲؽرا٣ٲح، ٨٦ دون ص٭ح ٩نؿ، أرثٲ٢ ،5008
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