The role of sustainable tourism development in Human Development: An analytical econometric study of a sample of tourism countries for the period (1995-2021)

Abstract

The study aims to measure the impact of sustainable tourism development on Human Development for a number of selected tourism countries, (Sweden, Switzerland, France, Austria, Italy, Greece, Germany, and Spain) for the period 1995-2021, in order to identifying the impact and role of sustainable tourism development in on Human Development index in the selected countries. The study adopted a quantitative method using an autoregressive model of distributed lags of panel data (Panel_ ARDEL, PMG), in order to estimate the model parameters for the short and long term. The results of the study in the short term showed that there is no statistically significant effect between human development and the variables that explain it. As for the estimation results in the long term, a positive relationship with a significant impact has been shown between the human development index and, gross domestic production, life expectation, public spending on education, population growth rate, and the growth rate of tourism revenues, in the countries of the study sample. As for the variables that had a positive but insignificant effect was the trade opening. The study reached several proposals, including that tourism development requires focusing on the sustainability of existing tourist facilities instead of focusing on increasing the number of tourists, and that sustainable tourism development is the ideal option for achieving economic and human development.