عالقة دبلوماسية الطاقة بصنع القرار في السياسة الخارجية

Authors

  • Shalaw Abdulkhaliq Mohammed Department of International Relations, College of Law and International Relations, Soran University, Soran, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
  • Najdat Sabri Aqrawi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.4.4.33

Keywords:

foreign policy energy diplomacy diplomacy decision international factors

Abstract

Nowadays ،among the foreign policy tools that can be used in external decision-making ،energy diplomacy is one the most important. This paper ، addresses the nature of the relationship between energy diplomacy and foreign policy decision-making process ،which is the central stage of the political process in all countries at the international level. In addition to that ، through this research ،we go beyond other recent studies on this subject ، linking the most important actors on the external side of energy policy with the most important features of foreign policy. Therefore ،we analyze factors that drive energy diplomacy to influence the foreign policy-making dynamics of both energy-exporting and importing countries. In conclusion ،the research has arrived at this fact that some countries succeeded in using energy as a weapon to implement foreign policy; however, in other cases ،a number of countries have failed to use it specifically as a hard power. Generally ، countries have worked to reach energy resources to use it for their decisionmaking process within the framework of energy diplomacy to reach their countries’ goals internationally.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Herranz-Surrallés ،A.2017 ،. Energy diplomacy under scrutiny: parliamentary control of intergovernmental agreements with third‐country suppliers. West european politics، 40(1) ،pp.183-201.

Anthony H. Cordesman A. Burke2006 ،. Rethinking Global Energy Security: Geostrategic and Economic Risks. The Center for Strategic and International Studies. Washington ،DC. PP42.

Baldwin D.A. (1985) ،Economic Statecraft ،Princeton ،Princeton University Press. PP189.

Chaban ،N.، & Knodt ،M. (2015). Energy diplomacy in the context of multistakeholder diplomacy: The EU and BICS. Cooperation and Conflict50 ،(4) ، PP461.

Chen ،S. 2008. “Motivations behind China’s Foreign Oil Quest: A Perspective from the Chinese Government and the Oil Companies.” Journal of Chinese Political Science 13(1).

Colgan ،J.2009 ،. The international energy agency. Challenges for the 21st Century. GPPi Energy Policy Paper، PP4.

Crane ،K. ،Goldthau ،A. ،Toman ،M. ،Light ،T.، & Johnson ،S. E. (2009). Imported oil and US national security. Rand Corporation. PP25-26.

Demir ،M.F. (2010) ،Enerji Oyunu. İstanbul: Ayrım Publications.

Derived from: Manning ،Bayless (1977). ‘The Congress ،the Executive and Intermestic Affairs: Three Proposals’ ،Foreign Affairs.

Dooley ،James J. (2010). The Rise and Decline of US Private Sector Investments in Energy R&D since the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973. No. PNNL-19958. Pacific Northwest National Lab.(PNNL) ،Richland ،WA (United States). PP5.

Druif ،M. 2017 Energy diplomacy as form of soft power ،The Raise and fall of Barazil’s Ethanol Diplomacy in Affrica (Master thesis) ،Uninersity of Leiden. PP 1-8.

Dugis ،V. ،Internasional ،D.H. and FISIP ،U.A.2008 ،. Explaining foreign policy change. Masyarakat Kebudayaan Dan Politik ،2 ،pp.102-103. In Modelski ،George (1962) A Theory of Foreign Policy. New York: Praeger. Part one.

Dunn W. (2014) ،Public Policy Analysis. An Introduction ،Fifth Edition ،Englewood Cliffs ،N.J. ،Prentice Hall. PP18-20.

Gippner ،O.; Torney ،D. 2017. ‘Shifting policy priorities in EU-China energy relations: Implications for Chinese energy investments in Europe’ ،Energy Policy 101

Goldthau ،A & Witte ،J-M 2010 ،Global energy governance: The way forward. A Goldthau & J-M Witte (eds) ،Global Energy Governance. The new rules of the game. Brookings Press ،pp.25.

Herranz-Surrallés, A. (2017). Energy diplomacy under scrutiny: parliamentary control of intergovernmental agreements with third‐country suppliers. West European politics, 40(1), 183.

Hocking ،B. (2006). Multistakeholder diplomacy: Forms ،functions ،and frustrations. In Multistakeholder diplomacy: Challenges and opportunities18 ،17‐13 ،.

Huda ،M. S.، & Ali ،S. H. (2017). Energy diplomacy in South Asia: Beyond the security paradigm in accessing the TAPI pipeline project. Energy research & social science ،

PP205. In Goldthau ،A.، & Witte ،J. M. (Eds.). (2010). Global energy governance: The new rules of the game. Brookings Institution Press. Washington.

Hudson ،V.M. 2014. Foreign policy analysis: classic and contemporary theory. S.Ed. Rowman & Littlefield.

Hudson ،V.M.2005 ،. Foreign policy analysis: actor‐specific theory and the ground of international relations. Foreign policy analysis1 ،(1).

Jofi ،J. (1999). Pipeline Diplomacy: The Clinton Administration’s Fight for Baku– Ceyhan ،WWS Case Study. PP 4-8.

Katzenstein ،P. J. (1976) “International relations and domestic structures: Foreign economic policies of advanced industrial states،” International Organization. Cambridge University Press30 ،(1) ،pp. 19.

Kruse ،F. (2014). Oil Politics: The West and its desire for energy security since 1950. Hamburg: Anchor Academic Publishing.

Lama ،M. P. (2007). Geopolitics of power trading in South Asia: Opportunities and challenges. Strategic Analysis31 ،(2) 352 ،.

Mauricio De Castro2016 ، “Johann Gregor Mendel: paragon of experimental science،” Molecular Genetics and Genomic Medicine no.

Mcgowan F. (1996) ،Energy Policy ،in H. Kassim and A. Menon (Ed.) ،The European Union and National Industrial Policy ،London ،Routledge.

Mintz ،A. and DeRouen Jr ،K.2010 ،. Understanding foreign policy decision making. Cambridge University Press.

Nye ،J.S. (2008). „Public diplomacy and soft power‟ ،The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science616 ،(1) ،pp. 94–109.

Nye ،J.S. (2013). „Hard ،Soft and Smart Power‟، the Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy ،Oxford University Press. PP5-20.

Palmer ،N.D. and Perkins ،H.C.1969 ،. International relations: the world community in transition. Houghton Mifflin. PP97.

Palmer ،Norman D. (Norman Dunbar) & Perkins ،Howard Cecil 1957 ،International relations: the world community in transition2 ،d ed ،Houghton Mifflin ،Boston. PP97.

Prontera ،A. (2009). Energy policy: Concepts ،actors ،instruments and recent developments. World Political Science5 ،(1). PP.3-8.

Rathbun ،B.C.2014 ،. Diplomacy's value: creating security in 1920s Europe and the contemporary Middle East. Cornell University Press.PP.1-21: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1287cbz.4.

Roy ،N. C. (1962) ‘General: The Dynamics of International Politics By Norman J. Padelford and George A. Lincoln. The Macmillan Company ،New York.1962.

Schobert ،H. (2013). Chemistry of fossil fuels and biofuels. Cambridge University Pres.

Snyder ،Richard Carlton. & Sapin ،Burton M. & Bruck ،H. W. 2002 ،Foreign policy decision-making (revisited) / Richard C. Snyder ،H.W. Bruck ،Burton Sapin; with new chapters by Valerie M. Hudson ،Derek H. Chollet and James M. Goldgeier Palgrave

New York.

Sovacool ،B.K.; Mukherjee ،I. 2011. ‘Conceptualizing and measuring energy security: A synthesized approach’ ،Energy.

Tunkin ،G.، 1996 ،Contemporary International law ،Progress Publishers ،Moscow. PP190.

Uludag ،M. B. ،Karagul ،S.، & Baba ،G. (2013). Turkey's Role in Energy Diplomacy from Competition to Cooperation: Theoretical and Factual Projections. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy.

Uludag ،M. B. ،Karagul ،S.، & Baba ،G. (2013). Turkey's Role in Energy Diplomacy from Competition to Cooperation: Theoretical and Factual Projections. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy، 3(4S) 114‐102 ،..

Usman. L ،Ibrahim. S ،Abdurrahman. D ،Rabi’u. M ،Umar D.2018 ،Biofuels as the Starring Substitute to Fossil Fuels. Petroleum Science and Engineering. Vol. 2 ،No. 1.

Wilson III, E. J. (2008). Hard power, soft power, smart power. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), pp. 110–111.

Yu, K. H. (2016). From energy diplomacy to global governance?: a case study on China's energy security in the 21st century (Doctoral dissertation, King's College London). PP. 10.

Downloads

Published

2019-12-30

How to Cite

Shalaw Abdulkhaliq Mohammed, & Najdat Sabri Aqrawi. (2019). عالقة دبلوماسية الطاقة بصنع القرار في السياسة الخارجية. QALAAI ZANIST JOURNAL, 4(4), 1155–1181. https://doi.org/10.25212/lfu.qzj.4.4.33

Issue

Section

Articles