QALAAI ZANIST JOURNAL

South Kurdistan In The Light Of Archaeological Excavations

Abdullah Bakr Othman — 2024-10-06

According to archaeological evidence, Southern Kurdistan is considered as an importanat part of the ‎cradle of ancient civilizations. The conduct of ancient and modern refinements ‎reinforces these facts. After a long period, excavations begin again in southern ‎Kurdistan, which give new information about the history of Kurdistan. Most ‎of the ancient and modern excavations were carried out by foreign ‎archaeologists, and the results are interesting. This research sheds light on ‎some of the subjetcs, including talking about a summary of the history of the ‎excavations in Iraq. Then the ancient and modern excavations in Iraq and ‎southern Kurdistan, especially the Erbil Governorate. Finaly, it sheds light on ‎the historical aspects of the history of Southern Kurdistan and Erbil ‎Governorate.‎

The main objective of writing this research is to highlight the historical and ‎archaeological importance of Southern Kurdistan, especially the Erbil ‎Governorate. The study of this topic is necessary for archaeological and ‎history researchers to study the region from all its aspects to add accurate ‎historical and archaeological information regarding the archaeological ‎excavations in Erbil Governorate, while the results of Excavations that took ‎place in some of the sites studied in our research during ancient and modern ‎excavations located within the governorate of Erbil confirm that this region ‎was, throughout prehistoric times, a center for human presence and a cradle ‎for the emergence of ancient civilizations.‎

The use of social media among the academic elite in the Kurdistan Region and its role in developing their political awareness

Rawan Subhi Obaidullah — 2024-10-06

This study attempts to find out the extent of using social media among the academic elite in the Kurdistan Region and its role in developing their political awareness. This study is of the type of descriptive studies, and the survey method was used for a cluster random sample of (391) individuals from the universities of (Dohuk-Erbil-Sulaymaniyah-Halabja). This study reached several results, the most important of which are: The extent of social media use among the research sample is the Facebook network in the first place. Refers to the channels of diplomatic communication between the governments of the region and Baghdad on social media in a clear way about handling the file of disputes between the governments of the region and Baghdad.

Instrumental and Lyrical Performance in the Components of the Author's Kurdish Singing

Adil Mohammed Karim — 2024-10-06

This research is entitled (Instrumental and lyrical performance in the components of the author's Kurdish singing(, a descriptive -analytical research, in which we have studied three basic musical components in two Kurdish songs, the components are (sound, melody, rhythm) for each In the sections of the songs, which we mean (music 1, song 1, music 2, song 2), obviously the researchers have used some methods of analysis of world and oriental music, have developed a special analytical method in the installed.

This study is an important starting point for understanding the details of the three main components of Kurdish composed songs, the parts of Kurdish composed songs. The results of this analysis show that there are more differences and sometimes common points in the details of each section. This leads us to the conclusion that Kurdish composed songs are dominated by talent and taste of artistic beauty and knowledge of musical art. Therefore, these songs are multidimensional and rich in several aspects.

The paper consists of three main sections, conclusions, and a list of references. The first part, which is the general framework of the research, includes: (Introduction, research problem, research importance, research objectives, limitations, research methods and definition of concepts) do.

Section 3: Conducting the research section. At the end of the study, the conclusions, recommendations, suggestions and list of sources are presented. with a summary of the paper in both English and Arabic.

Melody components and formula in the form of Syachamana in Hawraman

Aram Omar Mohammed — 2024-10-06

This study aims to show the characteristics of Syachamana in terms of melody, rhythm, and text, as well as to explain the musical structure of Syachamana in terms of melody, middle notes, and graphs. The importance of this study is that the researchers try to study this special form of Hawraman songs in detail and scientifically and through the analysis of the music, rhythm, and lyrics of the music to highlight all its dimensions. Researchers have analyzed the music of Syachamana according to several specific criteria, resulting in several conclusions related to the content and structure of Syachamana music. This research consists of a preface and three parts; part one includes the general framework, Part two includes the introduction of geography, history, and Hawraman dialect, and part three includes topic is the research procedures, In the fourth section of the research, several conclusions, and recommendations are presented along with a summary of the study in both Arabic and English.

The Body from The Perspective of Pierre Bourdieu

Shahlaa Wali Jabbar — 2024-10-06

Pierre Bourdieu discussed a number of issues that led to a critical direction in sociology. One of the most controversial topics in Bourdieu's thought is the body. The subject of this study is to identify the social contexts of the body beyond the fact that the body is a biological given, the cultures of different societies play a role in the emergence and development of that biological currency. The manifestation of the body in the context of cultural capital, explanation of the body as an indicator of class differences and as a carrier of social memory. The aim of this study is to highlight Pierre Bourdieu's thinking on the issue of the body and link it to other elements of society such as social class and capital, then revealing that side of the body when it becomes the history of the individual and society as a whole. According to Bourdieu, the body is a socially shaped entity that connects the individual to her/his social and cultural context. The body also creates part of cultural capital. The body is also a means of social difference, and physical traditions are sufficient for the habitus of the individual, finally, the body plays an important role in shaping society's memory, somehow physical traditions become history, that is, the body is a living history that walks on earth.

Dysgraphia At Zakho University Students According to The Language

Zhirwan Saeed Hajibadre — 2024-10-06

Dysgraphia is one of the neurolinguistic diseases. Those who suffer from this disease are ordinary people who are difficult to be identified, we prepared this study as an attempt to explore the sufferers of this language disease in the University of Zakho.The study entitled “Dysgraphia at Zakho University students According to The Language (TOAL4)”. The researcher used the language test for adolescents and adults in its fourth version, it was translated from English into the Kurdish language with the approval of the residents and was applied to students of the Kurdish and Arabic language departments at the above-mentioned university for the purpose of exploring those with language disease.

The study was conducted on (55) students from the second stage of the Kurdish department, and (13) of them appeared with dyslexia, besides, on (60) students from the Arabic department, and (14) of them appeared to have it. For this study, we took samples of )15(male students and (12) female students. This study was carried out according to the descriptive and statistical method (SPSS).

Among the findings of the study is the presence of people with dysgraphia of both sexes in the University of Zakho. The section of the writing language of the Arabic language sample is at a bad level, while the language of pronunciation according to the gender variable in the Kurdish language sample comes in a small percentage.

The events of France in the year 1968

Fatah Bahram Khdir — 2024-10-06

The events of 1968 form an important part of French history, It is to present a different picture of civil struggle for the achievement of a number of political, economic and social goals The events began with demonstrations by students at the University of Paris, and after spreading to other classes such as workers and women joined the demonstrators They had their own demands and the common interest brought them all to the streets, There were a number of internal and external factors that motivated the demonstrators. In several other discussions, several other parties such as the situation of the government, the slogans of the demonstrators, which is why we can read the situation in France at the time, events are a living example to discuss the role of the university in political, economic and social issues.

The Role of Poetry in the Development of the Military Operations Era of Abbasid (132-232 H – 749-846 AD)

Amanj Salam Hamadameen — 2024-10-06

The research is dedicated to discussing the importance of poetry in the first age of the Abbasid Caliphate. Additionally, the research discusses the cultural exchange of the other nations with those of Arabs in Abbasid Caliphate and their contribution in the development of poetry and literature in that period. The research also discusses the role of the poets in the historical records in this period and the depiction of poetry in as crucial resource in writing history. The current research also discusses the well treatment of the poets by the Abbasid Caliphs and patronizing them which led to praising Caliphs by poets. The research found that poets were praising Caliphates and encouraged them to conquer Roman Empire, especially under the reigns of Harun al-Rashid and al-Muʿtaṣim biʾllāh. Further, the research found that poetry, in addition to historical records, could be considered as a reliable source to understand the situations in this period.

The role of law in social control

Saleem Patros Elias — 2024-10-06

This research, a theoretical and analiytical research, studies the role of law as a major necessity and a means of social control, which defines rights and duties, regulates relationships, and controls the behavior of individuals for the survival and continuity of society. The research consists of several sections, where the first section deals with the general framework of the research, including the problem, importance, and objectives of the research. While the second section consists of scientific concepts and research methodology. The third section refers to the prospectives of philosopher and thinkers about the role of law in the process of social control. The fourth section deals with the importance of law and its objectives, while the fifth section consists of the research findings, suggestions, and recommendations.

The Role of Legal Anthropology in the field of Law

Habib Mustafa Ibrahim — 2024-10-06

Legal anthropology is a new science that dates back to the second half of the nineteenth century. This science is multidisciplinary because it studies laws and their role in society from both legal and anthropological perspectives. To this end, legal anthropology pays attention to social and cultural systems in society since, from the perspective of this discipline, social, cultural and legal conditions are influenced by each other. This paper aims to identify the role of legal anthropology in the field of law. The method used in this research is analytical, which is the most appropriate method to that highlight on the role of legal anthropology in the field of law. After a theoretical analysis, we came to the conclusion that because the law is a socio-cultural phenomenon, it should not be viewed only from the perspective of jurists, but attention must also be paid to social and cultural situations in legal anthropology. Research on both traditional and modern societies is the work of this science, so one of the obvious tasks of researchers is to explain the phenomenon of legal acculturation and legal pluralism in society.

Turkish National Security Strategy Towards Iraq after 2011

Azad Salih Othman — 2024-10-06

Since 2011 the Arabic region, including Iraq, has been witnessing a wave of changes, which have affected the deterioration of the political, economic, security, and social conditions, and are reflected in changing the geostrategic power in the region. There is an opportunity for regional powers to impose their hegemony and review their strategies to achieve their higher goals.

In the framework of these changes, Turkey has changed its security strategy orientation towards the region in general and Iraq, in particular, to protect its interests and achieve its higher goals, because Iraq is in the midst of events. Because of the proximity of the geographical borders and the importance of the location of Iraq, these changes directly affect Turkey's national security. In order to reach its strategic objectives in Iraq, it reformulated its security strategy towards Iraq and ensured the territorial integrity of Iraq. In order to ensure the safety of national security and achieve its goals in Iraq, such as containing the future of the Kurdish entity in Iraq, increasing its influence in Iraq and benefiting from Iraqi economic resources, and to achieve these goals, it relied on several means such as the army, Turkmen parties, intelligence and media.

The Embodiment of the Elements of Personal Psychological Theory of the Scientist Adler for the novel Khaj Al-Berlin by the novelist Hassan Ibrahim

Shvan Qasim Hasan — 2024-10-06

The novel, Khaj Al-Berlini by Hassan Ibrahim, is considered the most important literary genre with in literature, and it is also an effective tool for embodying social life and customs within Kurdish society in all its sects. It is one of the Kurdish novels in which the lifestyle and social personality of the Kurdish characters, different levels and types, are reflected in it.

The literary criticism of the school of psychoanalysis in its entirety and the theory of personal psychological analysis, in particular, of the scientist Alfred Adler is one of the most important psychological theories that paid clear attention to the personal components, which has a great relationship with the human personality, that mentions the social dimension of the human personality. As for the psychological theory for the scientist Freud, which focuses on the unconscious and the human instinct. The scientist Adler believes that the worker and the social conditions block the human interactions within society and prepare the sexual instinct for these interactions between characters. For this reason, what is meant by the psychological personality theory of the scientist Adler in the novel Khaj Al-Berlini by Hassan Ibrahim. We chose the aforementioned novel as a special sample for this study and entitled “The Embodiment of the Elements of Personal Psychological Theory of the Scientist Adler for the novel Khaj Al-Berlin by the novelist Hassan Ibrahim”, we applied the descriptive-analytical approach to this study.

Nations in the worldview of the poet Salm

Soran Bahaulddin Ezzulddin — 2024-10-06

This study is titled: "Nations in the Worldview of the Poet Salm." It is an attempt to express Salim's thoughts about the neighboring Kurdish nations especially the nations that ruled the Kurds, which Salem (1805-1869) has his own point of view about them.

If prediction is part of the individual's worldview, then Salm's worldview for the Kurd's future in between the Turk, Persian and Arab of the nations around the Kurds was a correct prediction, He will be disappointed with everyone, this is a time when there was a gathering umbrella of nations called Islamic Ummah (Islamic people) and caliphates, the days that followed after Salm untill now were a manifestation of the truth, have shown that these nations have been a problem for the Kurds.

Therefore, when he looked in any nation, the question for Salm was how they are for the Kurds, and sometimes Salm's worldview for the Kurd neighboring nations was as much a reaction, was less a deep reading of the characteristics of those nations.

Nations occupy a wide space in Salm's poetry and worldview, first of all, mention of Roman, Turk, Persian, Arab, Turkman, Russian, English, Armenian, and Tatar, as well as those religions with a national identity, such as Jews, and Yezidis, mentioned them in the same circumstances.

Between Syntactic Carpentry and Dependency Grammar Similarities and Differences

Hayder Haji Khdir — 2024-10-06

Syntactic carpentry is considered as a modern syntactic theory, although it does not acknowledge the existence of any prior grammatical rule in the analysis and interpretation of the language, but through it’s analyzes of some sentences and phrases, it seems that it has been influenced by some previous syntactic theories, especially the dependency grammar. This paper, as research drawn from doctoral dissertation, which is titled (Between Syntactic Carpentry and Dependency Grammar – Similarities and Differences) discusses how and extent of the effects of dependency grammar on it, as well as presents some of the differences and similarities within them.

The Role of Public Relations in the KRG Institutions Regarding the Political Conflict between Erbil & Baghdad

Karwan Mohammad Saber — 2024-10-06

This research is about the role of public relations in the institutions of the Kurdistan Regional Government, regarding the political conflict between Erbil and Baghdad. This research is descriptive research that is suitable with the research method, to achieve the objectives, the researcher used the survey method.

The research group includes the public relations department of the ministries and agencies of the Kurdistan Regional Government. The sample of the study is (91) employees of the public relations department of both sexes, who were randomly selected. This study is a reason to focus on the role and responsibilities of the public relations department in the institutions of the Kurdistan Regional Government in the political conflict between Erbil and Baghdad.

The aim of this study is to highlight the role of the Kurdistan Regional Government’ (KRG's) public relations in the conflict between Erbil and Baghdad. It also identifies the role of the KRG's public relations in managing the political conflicts between Erbil and Baghdad.

The researcher concluded that the establishment of an institutional system is considered necessary, taking into account the current situation, public relations have an effective role in managing the conflict between Erbil and Baghdad. According to the research sample, public relations employees in the KRG have a role in explaining the facts, as well as in planning, communication, coordination and evaluation.

The Statement of Ruanga Movement and Kurkuk Group - Kfri between literary theory and literary criticism

Rebwar Muhammed Ismael — 2024-10-06

This research is entitled “The Statement of Ruanga Movement and Kurkuk Group - Kfri between literary theory and literary criticism”. It is an attempt to represent the nature of the Statement of Ruanga Movement and Kurkuk Group - Kfri. The research focuses on the perceptions and critical principles of the Statements. The Statements are viewed and evaluated as literary attempts. This is conducted under the light of literary theory, literary criticism and literary schools. The research signals the literary principles, critical ideas and artistic features of the Statements. It presents the identity of their ideas and principles.

The current research is divided into some sections. The first section is concerned, under the light of literary school thoughts, with literary movements and literary works. The emphasis of the second section is on the nature of Ruanga Movement and Kurkuk Group-Kfri and the nature of their Statements. The third section highlights the Statements of Ruanga Movement and Kurkuk Group-Kfri from the perspective of literary criticism and literary theory. Finally, the conclusions, references and Arabic and English abstracts of the research are presented

The Role of Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Protocols in Persuasion

Khalil Sharif Mawloud — 2024-10-06

Protocol and the art of etiquette is a priority of official and state affairs in today's world, which is the most attention of the media and social media in the official visits of presidents and high-ranking delegations. This study is the first attempt in Kurdish to show the role of linguistic and non-linguistic signs and gestures in the act of communication protocol and etiquette, the impact of this role in the act of persuading the other person. The research consists of two main parts. The first part deals with the introduction of protocol and etiquette and identifies the relationship between language science and protocol and communication Discuss ways to persuade. The second part of the research consists of two topics, the first topic discusses the (language protocol) in which the ability to speak, speaking style, types of words and sentences and their effects are explained, with linguistic cues such as sound, melody, force, pause and tempo.The second topic is the discussion of non-verbal protocols, which include body language, such as dress, greeting gestures, shaking hands, distance between people, sitting and mannerisms.

The role of body language in teaching methods

Kalthum Khalid Ahmed — 2024-10-06

This research intends to evaluate the importance of body language in teaching methods and to present the function and position of body parts, their effect on student admittance and guidance, and how these factors can assist students learn effectively. Also, which type of body part makes the most substantial contribution to teaching and whether this type is effective or not.

Body language refers to the nonverbal cues that people use for everyday communication, such as facial expressions and body movements, through which information can be conveyed without being spoken, usually it makes up 50% to 70% of communications, so a thorough understanding of it is important to clarify the conversation. Educators who teach in different session need words and body language to communicate effectively with students. If body language is used properly, the intended idea is delivered to students more effectively and efficiently. This article illustrates the benefits of instructors acting as both competent givers and recipients of nonverbal cues. The study was qualitative research; a survey form technique was used. Students' opinions were sought on the importance of teachers' use of body language during teaching.

The city of Mosul, The mint for minting coins during the Umayyad period 82-132 AH / 701-750 AD

Hawkar Ahmed Abdullrahman — 2024-10-06

The coin is considered an important source for writing the history of antiquity, especially for the Islamic period, because it is Islamic money and an important written document through which we can obtain a lot of historical, economic, artistic and religious information and to .... of the Islamic period, while to the existence of the verses Quranic on coins, where there are important historical writings such as the year and the place of striking, and with the name of the caliph and the princes of cities, and these writings are considered documents in the hands of researchers to study the historical occurrence. This research is devoted to coins minted in the Umayyad period in the city of Mosul. Because of the location of the city of Mosul, which is suitable for trade and agriculture, it was an important area for the Islamic State at that time. For the first time, Islamic coins were minted during the Umayyad period, and the oldest mint in the city of Mosul dates back to the year 82 H, and until the year 132 H, the city continued as a place for minting coins. After a study of the museums and scientific sources devoted to coins, we discovered the coins struck in Mosul. For this study, we took one dirham and seven flus. These coins were struck in different years and by different caliphs and emirs. And we made a historical and technical analysis of all the coins, this study is part of a doctoral dissertation on Islamic coins in the city of Mosul, we hope through this study to give scientific light to an important aspect of the city of Mosul in terms of striking coins.

Embodiment of War in Contemporary Graphic Printing in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq

Hemn Yahya Mohammed Noori — 2024-10-06

This paper is dedicated to the study of (Embodiment of War in Contemporary Graphic Printing in the Kurdistan Region / Iraq), which consists of four parts. The first part is devoted to presenting the research problem, importance, objectives and limitations of the research, which is limited to revealing the characteristics of contemporary graphic works by Kurdish artists in Kurdistan Regional Government cities, during the period 2016-2022 In terms of language, terminology and procedural definitions. The second part is prepared as a theoretical framework, which includes three sections. Section 1: A brief overview of the concept and history of war in the world through some different printing methods used. The third section is related to the history of contemporary graphic art in Kurdistan. The third part presents the methods and procedures of analysis. The descriptive method of analysis begins with the collection of works of art and ends with the examples of the graphical and technical characteristics of each of the examples, Chapter Four consists of the conclusions and results of each chapter from the examples and the graphic and technical characteristics of each of the examples.

Monitoring and assessment of drought in Shaqlawa district using (VHI – TCI) indicators

Rashid Haji Muhamad Saleem — 2024-10-06

Monitoring and assessing drought is an important issue for the current regions of the Kurdistan Region, especially after the past few years, most of the regions of the Kurdistan Region have experienced drought. This study attempts to use remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) based on Landsat satellite imagery (4 - 8) for the month (April) of each year (2008-2015-2022). Drought in the study area (Shaqlawa district) is presented through different indicators of drought such as Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Health Index (VHI), and using Land Surface Temperature (LST) for temperature conditions by applying them on satellite images through RS and GIS programs, we were able to achieve the objectives of the research.

The Reflection of War in Contemporary Ceramic Art in The Kurdistan Region/Iraq

Hunar Muhammad Tofiq — 2024-10-06

This paper examines the reflection of war in contemporary ceramic art in the Kurdistan Region/Iraq

The first part of the research is about the research problem, the importance of the research, the limitations and time of the research, the purpose, importance and definition of terms.

The second part of the study, which is part of the theoretical framework of the research, focuses on the history of war in the art of painting, especially those artistic works that reflected the theme of war and had a reflection among artists around the world.

The second part of the second research is concerned with Kurdish artists who through their artistic works reflect the tragedy and misery that has befallen the Kurdish nation, narrate and criticize it.

Research Implementation: 1. Research community, 2. Research sample, 3. Research tools, 4. Data collection tools, 5. Research methods.

Chapter 4 About Results.

The subject of war in contemporary ceramic art in the Kurdistan Region/Iraq includes the task of documenting and archiving the history of the subjects, some of which directly transfer the prominent figures of events into their work or deal with the subject at the level of symbols.
The embodiment of war memories is done in ceramic techniques and styles, which depends on the style and technique of the artist who records the memories.

3. The reference to the subject of war in examples (1-2) appears at the level of title and content of the work

Hermeneutic of Dematerialization Discourse

Kosar Jalal Muhamad Kaka — 2024-10-06

This research study focuses on (Analyzing the discourse of dematerialization in the Kurdistan Region, specifically in Sulaimanyah), and it consists of four chapters.

The first chapter addresses the research issue, its significance, purpose, and limitations. This study aims to uncover the characteristics of dematerialized artworks created by Kurdish artists in the Kurdistan Region (especially Sulaimanyah) between 2008 and 2017. It also includes an exploration of the related keywords and their analysis in terms of linguistics, terminology, and definitions, according to the guidelines.

The second chapter presents the theoretical framework, consisting of two topics. The first topic analyzes the concepts of hermeneutics and discourse, while the second topic delves into the concept of dematerialization (including its origins, references, and emergence), as an introduction and emergence of this concept in visual artwork.

The third chapter outlines the methods and procedures used for analysis. The study employs a descriptive method of analysis, starting with the collection of artistic products and concluding with specific examples that are analyzed. The results obtained directly answer the research problem.

The fourth chapter encompasses the study's findings, conclusions, and recommendations. It includes insights drawn from each example and explores the characteristics of dematerialization in the context of visual art. Additionally, a list of references is provided

China in the Middle East: Priorities and Strategic Characteristics

Sherwan Abdulrahman Mohammed — 2024-10-06

This study aims to identify China's strategic priorities and key directions of China's political presence، which seeks to balance threats and opportunities in a volatile region such as the Middle East. Given the instability in the area caused by the U.S.'s global war on terror, the specifics of China's policy in the Middle East and North Africa are noteworthy, given that China's interests are at stake. Therefore، using analytical methods، the factors influencing the policy in the Middle East of the People's Republic of China were identified، which undoubtedly contributed to the change in the regional order. Finally, this study concludes that the future of China's presence in the Middle East will be determined by China's global strategy، as well as China's vision of its role and the future world order in general.

Shekh sherwan cemetery dome

Jange Zrar Kurda — 2024-10-06

Shekh Sherwan Cemetery is located on the border of Shekh Sherwan village in Shamak district, in the southwest direction of Erbil city, about 32 km away. One of the most famous and ancient cemeteries in the city.

So far, no any academic research or excavations have been conducted to prove the history of the archaeological remains of the cemetery, and it’s not known exactly the construction date of the site of the cemetery, also it hasn’t been mentioned at any other sources. What exists at the inner part of the wall of the dome (Darwish Abdullah Andalusi) records the date (1114 AH / 1694 AD), Not older inscriptions have been found.

In this study, we have tried to scientifically focus on the domes of the cemetery, which consists of about seven domes (one of them is new and not considered as an archaeological site) and are somehow different in shape and size. This cemetery is also called the Seven Gomez Cemetery.

Some of the tombs have been restored, but not by experts. The work has been done by the villagers of Sheikh Sherwan themselves, which has had a negative impact on the authenticity of the remains of the cemetery.

Therefore, the main aim of this field research is to study, shape and plan of the tombs of the cemetery, with the analysis of the architectural elements of the archaeological domes. In terms of decoration, the domes are generally poor. Despite of that, analysis of the remained ornaments from domes has not been forgotten, whether they are botanical, geometric or calligraphy.

Analyzing Iran's role in the Syrian crisis on the basis of neo-realism

Salih Omar Issa — 2024-10-06

Starting from the new realistic foundations, the focus of this research is on the role of Iran in the Syrian crisis as it is a complex and a long-term issue, and the balance of international and regional forces had an effective role in its perpetuation and its continuity for a long time, as every state participating in the issue seeks to achieve its interests, and taking into consideration those conflicting interests cannot be achieved without The existence of some concessions between the conflicting parties, and accordingly all initiatives failed to resolve the issue. Iran, like other countries with interests in the issue, tried to maintain the balance of its power and authority in the region, and for a more accurate statement and understanding of Iran’s role in the issue, the study relies on the new realist foundations, meaning the use of offensive realism to enhance its position in the Middle East and defensive realism to ward off danger from itself. This is based on soft and hard powers and economic and military means, as it has always tried to maintain its close relationship with the Lebanese Hezbollah, taking advantage of its proximity to the Israeli borders to use it to maintain the balance of power and strength in the region and reduce pressure and pressure on itself, in addition to establishing a defensive axis to serve its goals and interests. After the collapse of the Baathist regime in Iraq and the apocalypse of the Syrian crisis, it had good opportunities through which it could strengthen its position in the Middle East, which made it largely successful.

The Importance of Education in the Mother Tongue for Primary School

Rizgar Esmail Kareem — 2024-10-06

Mother tongue is the child's first language and the child receives and learns it from his parents and those who surround him. Indeed, it forms the structure of the child's personality, identity and culture. Achieving that depends on the beginning of the primary school. So, it is important for children to start their primary education in their mother tongue. In contrast, depriving children of primary education has bad consequences. In that regard, this research discusses ‘The importance of education in the mother tongue for children in the primary school’, and employs the descriptive (analytical) method to present the consequences of education in the mother tongue. The research consists of three parts: the first part is the methodology of the research, and the second part explains the concepts and terms related to the research. Moreover, the third part discusses the importance of education in the mother tongue for children and the dangers of not doing so. Finally, the study sheds light on several important conclusions, with reference to the sources that are used.

The term Thematique Criticism in Kurdish Literary Criticism

Nasreen Rauf Smail — 2024-10-06

This research which is entitled (The term Thematique Criticism in Kurdish Literary Criticism). It is a theoretical research. The main purpose of our research isto explain and present the roots and definition of the term Thematique Criticism, in the light and views of European literary critics in general and Kurdish Literary critics in particular.

The importance of our research is that very little academic attention has been paid to this issue in Kurdish literary criticism; Therefore, it can be said that is a new door to Kurdish literary criticism.

This research consists of an introduction and summary in Kurdish with four axises, and results that we have reached with a summary in English and Arabic, and the names of the sources we have used.

The first axis refers to the concept of Thematique criticism, The second axis presents the definition of term thematique Criticism, the third axis discusses the history of the emergence of the term Thematique Criticism, the fourth axis discusses the term thematique Criticism in Kurdish literary criticism.

Mortgage Developments in Iraqi Law

Sangar Ali Rasool — 2024-10-06

As a result of the waves of contemporary economic and technical development, a group of movables has emerged, in which the transfer of possession is not conceivable, whether due to its nature or the importance it enjoys, as the law requires that legal actions be performed on it to fulfill a special formality, and therefore the rule of registration applies to the title deed instead of from the rule of possession in the movable.

And when it becomes possible to mortgage these movables as the pledged money, then mortgaging them is accompanied by a set of legal problems related to the legal system of mortgage, which is that mortgaging these movables responds to the general theory of mortgage in the general rules of civil law, or is it subject to the commercial mortgage system outside the scope of civil law, Or any other compatible system? This research came to find solutions to these problems. The article was divided into two requirements, and the research was appended by mentioning its findings and recommendations.

The Role of The Supply Chain Strategy in Reducing Costs and Time in Industrial Companies

Ahmed Burhan Mousa — 2024-10-06

This study mainly aims to demonstrate the extent of the role of the supply chain entrance in reducing costs and time in industrial companies, and to identify the concept of the supply chain, its implementation steps, its cost elements that it provides, and its importance in reducing cost and time, in order to face competition, survival, continuity, success, and excellence in the changing markets of During cost reduction time which is one of the critical factors to determine the competitive advantage of economic units in the current era. The researchers used the practical approach to achieve the objectives of the study and test its hypotheses by applying the supply chain approach to the actual data of the "Rasan Steel" factory for the manufacture of steel structures, which is the applied side of the study. One of the most important results of the study reached by the two researchers is that the supply chain strategy is a series of procedures that start from the purchase of raw materials and end with the delivery of the final product to the customer through an integrated chain of goods and merchandise and information exchanged between the members of the chain and improve competitive performance through the integration and linking of the internal activities of the company With the external activities and operations of suppliers, customers and other members within the chain. The study concluded with several recommendations, the most important of which is directing attention towards adopting modern approaches to managing the supply chain by local industrial companies, including the study sample factory, because of its positive effects on its performance and with regard to increasing the speed of settlement of transactions and information exchange between members of the supply chain, reducing the time factor and reducing cost

The Means and Its Place in The Crime

Aoumid Saeed Khudhur — 2024-10-06

Basically, the Iraqi legislator does not consider the means used in the crime, but sometimes he has violated that basis, and has given the means an important role in criminalization and punishment, just as in some crimes the effect of the means used is focused on criminalizing the act, and in this case the means is considered within the components of the legal model for a number of Crimes, which are the so-called crimes with limited means, and as such, their failure leads to non-criminalization of behavior according to that legal model, as stated in the crimes of fraud and fish poisoning...

In some other crimes, the effect of the means is focused on the severity of the punishment, as the action that the perpetrator performs is considered a criminal regardless of his means, but the use of some specific and different means leads to the severity of the punishment for that act, as is the case in the crime of premeditated murder and theft.

On the other hand, there are new methods due to technological developments, such as computers, the World Wide Web, and social media, and these methods have negative repercussions due to the illegal use of this technology, and they are important, effective, and influential means in the hands of criminals to achieve their criminal goals. The Iraqi legislator did not regulate these means appropriately, not in law Iraqi penalties and complementary penal laws. In this way, the use of ancient and modern means in crime will be the subject of our research.

The State and The Conflict Between Religion and Politics

Muayad Barakat Hassan — 2024-10-06

In light of the constant struggle between spiritual and mental issues imposed by philosophy as it always seeks to reach man at the top of awareness, to know the world around him and to live safely in a world where justice and equality prevail, the obstacles that stand in the way of achieving these goals remain the major problem of philosophy that tries to find appropriate solutions To her, philosophy is trying to find solutions, although it raises problems with its many assumptions.

Our research is an attempt to highlight the importance of the state as an organizational political entity, which seeks to regulate the lives of individuals and groups, and that religion is only a part of the organizations of this state, and that the stronger the state, the more secure it is and achieves justice and equality in it, as it is the basis of successful organization.

Religion is important for organizing life, but it is related to aspects of faith and cannot solve all the problems facing society, especially in the presence of differences in opinions and beliefs, as well as due to different religions.

Legal Aspects of the plan to Rehabilitation of Insurance Companies Under Interim Administration

Alan Bahaddin Abdulla — 2024-10-06

Insurance companies may be exhibit during the exercise of their activity to financial or administrative default, or insurance companies may contravene in the course of performing their activity legal rules settled to preserve the company's entity, the integrity of its transactions and conserve the rights of its customers, and when, for one reason or another, insurance companies are incapable to address their financial difficulties or administrative problems that menace their survival, the regulatory authorities interfere to correct the course of the company with the aim of its survival as a legal entity and to preserve the rights of its customers. One of the most prominent forms of this intervention is the dissolution of the board of directors of the company and the appointment of an interim director of the company, in order to describe the causes of the confusion suffered by the insurance company under temporary management, and to try to countermeasure these disorders by taking a set of financial, legal or administrative means and mechanisms commensurate with the size of the company distressed and the seriousness of its status, under the supervision of the competent authority regulating the insurance sector, to enable the troubled or violating insurance company to overcome its complication in accordance with the plan prepared for this: In light of this, this research was divided into three demands, the first of which was devoted to the intent of the Interim Administration and the rehabilitation process, in the second demand we dealt with the preparation of the rehabilitation plan, and the third and last demand, which we allocated to the vote and approval of the rehabilitation plan. The comparative approach was also relied upon by comparing the position of the Iraqi legal with the (UAE law) and at the end of the research we achieved that the Iraqi legislator's keenness to give the interim director broad discretion to choose the most appropriate way to deal with the difficulties facing the company by negotiating and consulting with creditors. One of the most prominent recommendations we made was the need to amend the (Iraqi Insurance Business Regulation Law), especially the legal texts regulating the rehabilitation of insurance companies under temporary management in a way that ensures the success of rehabilitation procedures in correcting the company's conditions and avoiding bankruptcy or liquidation.

The Impact of Disclosure of Segment Information on The Appropriateness of Financial Reporting Information

Zaito Awla Abubakr — 2024-10-06

The research aims to shed light on the study and testing of the impact of segment information disclosure on the appropriateness of financial reporting information. To achieve the goal of the research, the inductive approach was relied upon by preparing a questionnaire for this research, which was distributed to a random sample among the community of auditors and accounting academics in universities and institutes in the city of Erbil, who numbered (83) individuals, whose results were then analyzed by the statistical program. (SPSS). The research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the existence of a statistically significant effect of the disclosure of sectoral information on the appropriateness of financial reporting information. In the end, the research presented some recommendations, the most important of which is the need for companies operating in Iraq in general and the Kurdistan Region in particular to commit to disclosing sectoral information in preparing financial reports, especially companies that enjoy different sectors due to their importance due to their characteristics that make accounting information appropriate and useful for decision-making by Users of these reports in order to understand the complexity of large companies and diversified activities, and to evaluate and understand the performance of these companies more accurately than the aggregate information

The Authority of The Judge to Restore Onerous Obligation

Tahseen Zaher Younis — 2024-10-06

The subject that deals with the study aims at the authority of the judge to restore the burdensome obligation in the event of a contractual defect when achieving emergency conditions, as well as standing on the scope of the judge’s authority when applying the theory of emergency.

Conditions of contracts and how to deal with fatigue and difficulties in implementing the contract and balancing the interests of the contracting parties to restore commitment to fatigue and remedy the contractual imbalance

Opinions of Imam Abu al-Laith al-Samarqandi (d. 375 AH) In the interpretation of the verses of the provisions of the Qur’an in its interpretation (Bahr al-Uloom)

Wishyar ali Hussein — 2024-10-06

This study is a modest attempt to identify an important aspect of the Holy Qur’an, which is the verses of rulings of Imam Abi al-Laith al-Samarqandi in his interpretation (Al-Bahr al-Ulum), as it aims to inform his views and preferences through his approach to those rulings. The ancient interpreters, a jurist of the prominent jurists, and the world role model.

Al-Samarqandi lived during the Abbasid era, and this period in which the Islamic nation is passing through in its east and west in terms of scientific and knowledge reached its climax, and the building blocks of the blogging and authoring movement in Islamic and legal sciences became a beacon and an illuminating lamp. Although he did not mention the year of his birth to the authors of the classes and biographers, although it became clear to us that he was born in Samarkand, and his birth was around the year (300 AH) according to their different opinions, and he, may God have mercy on him, grew up in a family of authenticity.

The imam was a brilliant interpreter, a skilled jurist, and he was one of the mystics, and he wrote famous books on asceticism and softness, and the praise of the scholars of his time was good evidence for him. The imam died a year (375 AH). Basically, this study was a written study on the Samarkandi approach in interpreting the verses of marriage, and the research was drawn from my thesis entitled (The Views of Imam Abi al-Laith al-Samarkandi in the Interpretation of the Verses of the Rulings of the Qur’an in His Interpretation - Bahr al-Uloom - a comparative study).

In this study, the researcher tried to address the interpretation of the marriage verses of al-Samarkandi and discuss them, inferring the opinions of the jurists and commentators.

As for the first verse, it is the one that came about the marriage of idolatrous men and women, and the second verse, and it is about the marriage of chaste women of the People of the Book, and the third is about the dowry, and the fourth verse, and it is specific to the verse of alimony and its definition, and the fifth and last, and it came about giving, its duration, and its definition.

Religious Education for Sheikh Muhammad Jalizadeh

Hawar Samad Ahmed — 2024-10-06

The vastness of the world, the rapid spread of information, the multiplicity of educations, civilizations, and positivist and material ideas, and thus the ease of influence of what comes to the children of Muslims from the eastern and western trends, obliges us to stand in a corner that enables us to see the correct vision of education, and this is only by referring to the legacy of the righteous predecessors of Muslim scholars in the field of education because they derive Their ideas are from the original Islamic sources, and they promoted Islamic civilization to be the strongest civilization in those ages. Returning to the Islamic heritage and to the achievements of Muslim scholars would enlighten those in charge of education in general in Islamic societies and lead them to prepare the true Muslim who is distinguished by his personality and thought.

Sheikh Jalizadeh had clear contributions in the field of educational knowledge, and he came out to us with an original, broad, comprehensive, and renewable educational thought that searches for knowledge in every field without being limited to one source or a specific framework, starting from the basic sources of the Book, the Sunnah and the mind. Educational knowledge came from Sheikh Jalizadeh is scattered in his multiple books, so that it is difficult to classify a man's thought within a specific science of educational sciences, as he broadcast many educational ideas and opinions in parts of books; The educational knowledge of Sheikh Jlizadeh contained opinions on educational psychology and mental health. Religious education, learning and its theories, educational sociology, philosophy of education...

Then: This research aims to identify the importance of education for Sheikh Muhammad Jalizadeh through his ideas and valuable references in his writings.

Spiritual Intelligence and its Relation to the Perceived Self Efficacy among the outstanding and gifted students in Sulaymaniyah Governorate

Dina Abas Neamat — 2024-10-06

The current study aimed to identify the level of spiritual intelligence and the level of perceived self-efficacy among the outstanding and gifted students in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, as well as to identify the level of spiritual intelligence and the level of perceived self-efficacy according to the variable of the educational stage, moreover the study aimed to identify the relationship between spiritual intelligence and perceived self-efficacy.The research Society and its sample consisted of outstanding and gifted students in the stages (10-11-12) in Azmar College for the Gifted students in the center of Sulaymaniyah Governorate, numbered (43) students of both sexes. The research measures scales (spiritual intelligence and perceived self-efficacy) were prepared by the researchers, and the statistical methods were used that fit the research and the nature of its objectives, such as (one sample T. test, One-Way Anova Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha equation, as well as the percentage). The results showed that the gifted students have a high level of both spiritual intelligence and perceived self-efficacy. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05), in the level of spiritual intelligence, due to the stage and in favor of the eleventh stage. It also showed statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05), in the level of perceived self-efficacy due to the stage and in favor of the eleventh stage, finally, there was a positive correlation between the level of spiritual intelligence and perceived self-efficacy, by the value of (0.65) degree.

The Centrality of The Qur'an in Establishing a Culture of Non-Violence from The Perspective of Badie Al-Zaman

Idris Qader Hamadameen — 2024-10-06

Competition and conflict over the ephemeral wreckage of the world, violent fighting over access to material benefits, control of power and the extension of influence in any way are horrific events that have plagued humanity around the globe, to the extent that the entire human entity is threatened by great dangers that diminish its existential and values, and lead it towards sexual or moral annihilation.

A culture based on the indifference to material and moral benefits of what is forbidden and prohibited is the basis for the violence that is taking place in human societies today, resulting in the crystallization of aggressive concepts that souls and characters are almost accustomed to in their behaviour and communication.

Due to seriousness of this miserable reality that has led us to choose a vital subject that sees us with radical solutions that will help humanity to correct its reality in order to return to the origin of its pure and rich nature, and to take peace, tolerance and justice as the basis for perfection and transcendence, and then enjoy happiness and bliss, all in accordance with a decreed approach based on Qur'anic origins and divine foundations.

Hence, the subject of our research was led by a title closely related to what we mentioned earlier: (The Centrality of The Qur'an in Establishing a Culture of Non-Violence from The Perspective of Badie Al-Zaman - Reading Reality and Looking for Solutions).

Badie Al-Zaman Saeed Al-Noursi's view of this subject stems from his suffering and observations of the painful events that ravaged humanity during the First and Second World Wars, as the world witnessed tragedies and woes at the time, the ruin has long gone on, feeling and conscience, so the situation became a trivial, and the reality is dead, so Al-Noursi tried with the Qur'anic sciences to find solutions to what happened, and this deteriorating reality is corrected by medicines inspired by the pharmacy of the Holy Quran.

The Role of Islamic Sharia in Family Structure and Relationships

Sanar Sewar Sewar — 2024-10-06

This research explores "The Role of Islamic Sharia in Family Structure and Relationships." The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the concepts and principles governing family life in Islam. It emphasizes the significance of a Sharia-compliant marriage as the foundation for family building and illustrates how Sharia guides marital and parental relationships based on principles of justice and equality. The research underscores the rights and responsibilities of individuals within the family. Additionally, it delves into the Islamic ethics and values that form the basis of family relationships. The research draws support from Quranic verses and Prophetic traditions, highlighting the role of Islamic Sharia in constructing families grounded in social justice and stability

The role of education in economic growth - an analytical study of the reality of higher education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Abdulrazzaq Othman Nawandaie — 2024-10-06

Education is the basis of development, and the foundation and main determinant of economic growth, labor force and increased production. There is no doubt that it is an imperative necessity to improve human efficiency and social cohesion. In addition to its role in raising the worker’s efficiency and thus raising their income, which means that it reduces the chances of poverty and inequality.

Education has taken on great importance in the texts of international and local laws. In Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 stipulates the right to education, and this right enhances the individual’s ability to obtain and enjoy his other legitimate rights guaranteed by laws and legal regulations. UNESCO also affirmed this right and approved the slogan “Education for All,” which is a recognition of the importance and role of education in achieving development and progress. According to the United Nations curricula, education achieves common goals for societies, including providing the individual with the skills he/she needs, as well as making education compulsory, especially in the early stages, and finally granting individuals economic and social rights, especially in deprived communities.

Education is a legal right that preserves a person’s dignity and contributes to making him a useful individual in society. It is a right for humans alike. This right enables them to meaningfully participate in decision-making, contribute to society, and push forward the wheel of economic and family progress.

Experiences undertaken by developed countries have proven that investment in education is an essential element in the process of economic growth and productive processes by stimulating creativity that enhances the ability to create new knowledge and technological advancement. Education is also considered an essential means of building human capital as it is the main driver of economic growth and improving social conditions by reducing the crime rate as well as improving the population health status. The importance of supporting the workforce must be noted, as a good workforce increases the ability to carry out tasks more quickly and thus leads the economy to growth and prosperity. Education is essential to providing people with the tools to maximize their potential and further enable them to contribute to society.

By education, we do not mean only the percentage of the population, i.e. the number of people who have completed education at its various stages, but rather it depends on its type, quality, and the capabilities that the individual can harness in building the process of economic development.On the other hand, education helps to use modern technologies and advanced production methods, which enable the country to enter global markets and ensure competitiveness.

The Structure of the Phonetic Patterns of the Words of the Quran Alkareem

Tara Faiz Saeed — 2024-10-06

This research deals with the study and analysis of the structure of phonetic patterns of the words of the resurrection in the Holy Qur’an، being one of the main stations in the Meccan surah in general، and drawing the scenes of the Day of Resurrection in particular، so the title agrees with the content in terms of adopting the mechanisms of phonetic analysis through its distributed formats on phonemes، their characteristics، and the syllable structure Therefore، the title was named with (The Structure of the Phonetic Patterns of the Words of Resurrection in the Holy Qur'an). To deal with the material in three axes، the first came to study the phonemic formats of consonants، and the second came to study the phonetic formats of vowels، while the third axis dealt with the structure of syllable formats. In conclusion، we came to the conclusions we found، and then we included a list of the sources and references that we adopted، along with a list of appendices to the verses that contain the words of the resurrection.

The Interaction Between Economics and Politics in Rentier States

Ribaz Chato Biro — 2024-10-06

In states where income is mainly derived from rent, it is crucial to consider the relationship between politics and economics to appreciate these nations' dynamics and creating successful strategies. This research extensively explores the complex relationship between politics and economics in rentier states, with a specific emphasis on how this dynamic affects governance, economic strategies, and socioeconomic growth. The interaction between these two fields holds significant implications for the general welfare and sustainability of these nations. A key takeaway from the study is the critical need to balance economic pursuits with political stability, while being mindful of the outcomes of the interplay between economics and politics in these nations. The researchers employed a qualitative approach and thoroughly analyzed a diverse range of primary and secondary sources, leading to several significant discoveries. Notably, the study found a high positive relationship between economic and political factors in rentier states.

An Interpersonal Meaning Analysis of Gender Variation in Central Kurdish Media Discourse

Hawsar A. Shekhani — 2024-10-06

The aim of the study is to analyze the role of interpersonal meta-function in maintaining friendship among language users in Central-Kurdish media discourse. The focus of the study is restricted to identifying the differences between male and female media discourses to prove the language variation exists between genders in the spoken discourse on TV and making use of the language interpersonal metafunction. The researchers use a descriptive and qualitative technique along with content analysis to examine media-spoken discourse. This study's methodology uses a qualitative exploratory approach to look at TV interview between male and female in Central-Kurdish. The purpose of this paper is to provide answers to the following questions: What is the most common mood type among TV interviewees in Central Kurdish media spoken discourse by each of the male and female interviewees? What is the most used personal pronoun in Central Kurdish spoken discourse TV interview by male and female interviewees? And, finally, how does the choice of personal pronouns affect the interpersonal meaning? The results quantitatively display information about the distribution of the results with regard to mood types, the selection of personal pronouns, and the impact of the usage of personal pronouns on interpersonal meaning. According to the study, the most common type of mood is a declarative mood, the third personal pronoun is dominant. In addition, the selection of Personal pronouns has a significant impact on how the speakers display their attitudes, wield influence, and maintain friendship with the audience in Central-Kurdish spoken media discourse.

Extended Method of Least Significant Bits on Colour Images in Steganography

Alaa Jabbar Qasim — 2024-10-06

The rapid developments in the field of information technology have led to communication between people taking place in the virtual environment. It is of great importance to protect, hide, and secure this information, particularly in the virtual environment. Steganography is the science that ensures secure and confidential transmission of data to the intended recipient. In this field, data is sent by concealing it within various files. This paper focuses on improving the performance of image steganography through a method that involves altering the least significant three bits to hide data in colored images. Experimental studies were conducted using overlay images from standard databases with dimensions of 512 x 512. In these studies, eight-bit data was concealed within a one-pixel area, and the similarity ratios between the cover image and the stego image quality were examined.

Musicality in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Kubla Khan

Hasan Hussein Karo — 2024-10-06

This paper discusses the definition and the use of sound devices in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Kubla Khan (1816) which creates the poem’s musicality. It shows the biography of the life of the poet and his contributions to English literature. A short clarification of the poem Kubla Khan will be presented in this paper along with the main literary techniques such as alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia and rhyme, responsible for creating the musicality in the poem with reference to the lines in the poem. The paper highly focuses on the language used to answer the questions raised in this research in which it makes the paper discourse analytic research. It is worth noting that the conclusion in the paper provides the existence of musicality in the poem

COGNITIVE APPROACH IN LANGUAGE MEANING CONSTRUCTION

Chnur Ibrahim Mheallddin — 2024-10-06

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive study of the role of the encyclopaedic view and experiential view in meaning construction within the cognitive framework of studying the language. The analysis is based on the three hypotheses of meaning construction proposed by Cruse and Croft; first, Language is not an autonomous cognitive faculty. Second, Knowledge of languages emerges from language use. And thirdly, Grammar is conceptualization. The three hypotheses are verified. To achieve the aim of this article, Cruse and Croft’s three models of language meaning are studied. The examples are taken from books and articles corpus. This study concludes that possessing encyclopedic view, which encompasses general knowledge and sufficient information about the words, are essential to truly understanding the meaning of the words. The encyclopedic background can attain through the experiential view; it is gaining by experience in words from various situations and activities encountered in daily life. Also, the cognitive approach suggests that ruling in all elements of language is crucial for the interpretation of meaning.

Reasons and Consequences for The Obama Administration's policy of Military Withdrawal in Iraq (2009-2017)

Mhran mirkhan hesen — 2024-10-06

In 2011, President Barack Obama announced a policy of military withdrawal from Iraq. This policy aimed to gradually withdraw the majority of US troops from Iraq and transition security responsibilities to Iraqi forces. During the campaign Barack Obama promised an end to the Iraq war. The policy was based on the belief that Iraq's security forces were capable of handling the country's security needs and that a long-term US military presence in Iraq was not necessary. this article attempts to explain several reasons and consequences of the withdrawal. The cost of the war had become unsustainable, the withdrawal started in August 2010, and all US military personnel had left Iraq by December 2011. The decision to withdraw was met with mixed reactions. Supporters argued that the war had become too costly, both in terms of lives and money, and that it was time for Iraq to take responsibility for its own security. Critics argued that a precipitous withdrawal could lead to instability and increased violence in Iraq. In the years following the withdrawal, Iraq experienced a surge in violence, including the Rise of ISIS and Intensifying the ethnic and sectarian conflict and Expansion of Shia militias group in Iraq and growing Iranian influence in Iraq.

Interleukin-6 as a Biomarker for Breast Cancer Prognosis and Therapeutic Response

Seerwan Hamadameen Sulaiman — 2024-10-06

The pleiotropic cytokine known as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a crucial component in the genesis and progression of breast cancer. It does this by acting on several signaling pathways at once, which has an impact on many different elements of tumor biology. The activation of signaling cascades that speed up cell cycle progression and prevent apoptosis is thought to be how IL-6 promotes tumor growth and proliferation. Furthermore, IL-6 promotes angiogenesis, which aids in the tumor's development of additional blood vessels microenvironment. The proliferation, survival, and therapeutic resistance of cancer cells are all made possible downstream signaling pathways including JAK/STAT as well as MAPK are activated. Additionally, this cytokine promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), further supporting tumor metastasis and invasion. Furthermore, within controlling immune responses and encouraging an immunosuppressive environment, IL-6 has an impact on the tumor microenvironment

Strategic Management in the Digital Age Unleashing Innovation and Resilience

Dlvin Sherzad Muhammed — 2024-10-06

In the digital age, strategic management is paramount for organizations to thrive amidst technological advancements and market complexities. This paper aims to investigate the impact of strategic planning on innovation and resilience in organizations. The main statistical result indicates a significant positive relationship between Strategy Formulation and Innovation, as well as Strategy Formulation and Resilience, with coefficients of determination of 18.1% and 42.3%, respectively. The study concludes that strategic management practices play a crucial role in fostering innovation and resilience, highlighting the importance of strategic leadership, digital skills, and a culture of experimentation. A total of 92 questionnaire forms were distributed among managers of department in these companies, eliciting 85 valid responses for analysis, resulting in an impressive response rate of 92.39%. Based on the findings, it is recommended that organizations prioritize strategic planning, continuous learning, and digital capabilities to enhance their competitive edge and adaptability in the digital era.

The relationship between communication education and communication skill and their impact on creating job opportunities in the hospitality industry in the Kurdistan region of Iraq

Houshyar Abdulrahman Saleh — 2024-10-06

This research’s main objective is to study the relationship between Communication Education and communication skills to pave good opportunity for graduate students to enter the hospitality market in Erbil. Often, a deficiency in communication skills hinders them from building an appropriate opportunity to face market requirement and this is a huge problem that this research focusing on.

Which, in turn, affects their readiness to enter the hospitality market. This is due to the hypothesis that there is no relationship between Communication Education and communication skills sparked a discussion around how to enter the hospitality market where this study concludes the importance of such a relationship to equip students for market opportunities. The researcher collected data from 90 fresh graduate students at colleges as a research population and aluminous reveal a correlation between students' linguistic proficiency and the barriers they face in accessing the hospitality market. The researcher used, correlation analysis and regression analysis to analyses the data by using SPSS software. Also, the result shows that Communication Education and Communication Skills in Practice have indicating a positive and significant relationship between them. The second objectives result revels that there is no significant relationship between Communication Education and Interpersonal Communication Skills

The Students’ Problem-Solving Abilities in Mathematics and English at the Secondary School Level

Jamal Asad Mezel — 2024-10-06

This paper investigates the perspectives of secondary school teachers of both mathematics and English on students’ abilities in problem solving in both subjects. Thus, the following objectives are intended to be achieved: identifying the students’ skills in problem-solving in both mathematics and English; and are there significant differences in both English and mathematics teachers’ perspectives on students’ problem-solving skills according to school, stage, and gender?

The quantitative, analytical, and descriptive methods used in the collection, classification, and processing of the study's data. The target population of the study was all secondary school math and English teachers in Erbil.

A sample of 72 teachers—26 male and 46 female—were selected from seven secondary schools using a random sampling technique for the academic year 2023–2024. Two questionnaires, one with 14 items for math teachers and another with 13 items for English teachers, were used to collect the data. Teachers' responses were scored on a scale of 1 for strongly disagree, 2 for disagree, 3 for neutral, 4 for agree, and 5 for strongly agree. The questionnaire's reliability, validity, and consistency were examined. and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked. SPSS was used, mean, standard deviation, correlation, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data.

The study's findings confirmed similarities in problem-solving abilities that were shared between mathematics and English students, and there are no significant differences between the two areas due to the averages of students’ performance in problem-solving in both disciplines, which are fairly close to each other

The mediation role of Information Technology between Artificial Intelligence and Modern Accounting: Opportunities and Challenges

Bryar Sami Abdulrahman — 2024-10-06

The aim of this research is to examine and assess the mediator role of information technology (IT) in the amalgamation of artificial intelligence (AI) and contemporary accounting methodologies. The present study employed a quantitative research design to investigate the mediating role of information technology in the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and contemporary accounting practices. The study aims to include a sample size of 138 participants from different private businesses in Erbil. The findings revealed that the reliability of information technology mediates the relationship between artificial intelligence and modern accounting, accordingly, the first research hypothesis was supported. Moreover, it was found that the consistency of information technology mediates the relationship between artificial intelligence and modern accounting, accordingly, the second research hypothesis was supported. Lastly, it was found that the relevance of information technology mediates the relationship between artificial intelligence and modern accounting, accordingly, the third research hypothesis was supported. In order to effectively leverage the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) in contemporary accounting practices, it is imperative to establish a strong collaborative relationship between the information technology (IT) and accounting departments.

Reimagining the Vernacular: Exploring Linguistic Hybridity in Postcolonial English Literature through Rushdie, Achebe, and Díaz

Shaaban Sulaiman Sadeeq — 2024-10-06

This study delves into the captivating phenomenon of linguistic hybridity in postcolonial English literature, focusing on the works of Salman Rushdie's Midnight’s Children Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart and Junot Díaz's The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao By examining these authors' skillful blending of languages, dialects, and cultural elements, this research seeks to understand how linguistic fusion challenges traditional boundaries of the English language and sheds light on the complexities of postcolonial identities. Central to this investigation are questions surrounding the authors' use of code-switching, multilingualism, and cultural integration to convey themes of identity, belonging, and cultural negotiation. Furthermore, this study explores the role of linguistic choices in crafting distinctive literary voices and styles that resonate with multicultural contexts. Ultimately, this research highlights the potential for linguistic hybridity to serve as a means of defying societal domination and examines its manifestation in these influential narratives. By offering a comprehensive analysis of linguistic fusion within these seminal works. This research advances our knowledge of how language in postcolonial English literature can alter.

Green Purchase Behavior of Young Consumers in India

Sohail Imran Khan — 2024-10-06

Consumers these days are paying more attention and are aware of green products. Youth these days are more worried and concerned about the environment. Looking at the multiple advantages of green products, especially to the environment, the existing investigation is undertaken to discover the connection betwixt environmental attitude along green purchase behavior. Factors like Environmental Knowledge, Skepticism, and Interpersonal Influence will also be studied. For this research work, 213 respondents took part and the technique to collect the sample was simply random. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) utilizing varimax rotation was applied to filter the number of items. The questionnaire method was used to collect the data. 4 hypotheses were framed and tested. The study revealed that factors like Environmental Knowledge, Skepticism, and Interpersonal Influence have a significant relationship with an environmental attitude that directly influences green purchase behavior. Results suggest that marketers encourage young consumers from India to go for green products as they have good awareness and knowledge about green products